1822.] the Sources of the Rivers Ganges and Jumna.” 39 
from its extremities determined the distances of the two peaks, 
and their heights above the east end of the base, as follows : 
First peak called Sewmarcha Chauntal, distance 16440 feet, 
bearing due south. Its angle of elevation 26° 43’ 42”, and 
height above the river 8278 feet. 
Second peak no name, but it is a lower part of the Sricanta 
mountain. Distance 15374 feet. Magnetic bearing 170° 43’. 
Angle of elevation 25° 55’ 30”. Height 7475 feet above the 
river. Barometer 22°249 inches; thermometers attached 79° ; 
detached 78°. 
N.B. On our return, we found gooseberries at this place ; 
they were of the large hairy kind, and, though not ripe, made 
good dumplings. 
Gradual descent, and cross the Kheir Gadh large rivulet by a 
sangha at Derali, a village of six houses, but now deserted on 
account of the failure of the crops and incutsions of banditti. 
The road to day, considered as a mountain path, was excellent, 
two or three places excepted. The north bases of the moun- 
tains which we passed along are moderately steep, and are 
clothed with noble cedars, and various sorts of large pines, of 
which the eshir and khai, or kher, are the largest. Cshir is a 
name indiscriminately given to several of the large leaved pines, 
but the tree so called here is the true deal; it grows to a great 
height, and bears a resemblance to the common cshir or turpen- 
tine fir, which abounds in the lower hills, but which is never 
seen in company with the cedar (deodar). I took some sveci- 
mens of this deal; it is light, and has a fine grain: the rhai is a 
lofty pine ; it has a graceful appearance ; the leaves are pendent. 
The wood of it is not esteemed for building, being heavy and 
knotty: the cedar is always preferred for that purpose. From 
the sangha to Derali the Ganges flows in an expanded bed 
with a swift current over stones. Yesterday it was a succession 
of falls from rock to rock, and bounded by frightful precipices. 
To day the scenery was very interesting, the river being bounded 
immediately to the north by the cedar forests; above which 
towered the sharp snowy peaks, and many torrents and cascades 
fell from them. I never made a more delightful march; the 
climate is pleasant, and the weather bright to day. The village 
of Derali is situated in a rocky recess, and commands a fine 
view of the river, and of the north sides of the snowy peaks 
behind Jamnautri. There are three small temples of stone by 
the river side; they are of good workmanship. Derali was 
plundered last year by banditti from the westward. 
Pole star hid by the mountains as usual. Crest of nearly per- 
pendicular and difficult short ascent: crags overhanging and 
threatening to fall. The river bed the whole way broad, and 
strong current at Derali; lofty peaks on every side rising 
immediately from the river. This place is 1000 feet above it. 
Cedars of great size here. 
