1822.] the Sources of the Rivers Ganges and Jumna.” 109 
impression as well as circumstances would allow, and sent it to 
Col. Mackenzie. Latitude of Lak’ha Mandal, 30° 43’ 24”. 
Gradual descent 14 mile to the Ricnar river, which. is the 
boundary between Sirmor and the Rewaen district of Gurhwal. 
It has a course of about 10 miles from the NW. and joins the 
Jumna here. From the river, a very strong ascent of 11 mile up 
the mountain to a crest called Genda Ghat; there obliquing to 
Bancauli, a village of 20 houses, with a temple; it is on the 
mountain’s side, and about 3000 feet above the Jumna. No 
grain to be had here as at other places. I planted potatoes. 
Rainy weather. No latitude. 
To the bed of the Jumna 3m. 3 f. mostly oblique descent, 
though steep in some places above the right bank of the river. 
Here: are very high and steep precipices, from which large 
blocks of granite have fallen into the bed of the river, which 
forces its way through and over those obstructions with much 
violence and noise. After passing over the rocks by the river 
side for half a mile, we leave it, and climb the right bank by an 
exceedingly steep ascent to the Tocm Ghati, which overhangs 
the stream, and is about 1000 feet above it. Hence descend a 
mile to the Camaulda river; cross it on trunks of trees laid 
across, a little above its junction with the Jumna. 
The Camaulda is the largest river which the Jumna receives 
above the confluence of the Tonse; its course is from N. 10° 
west, down the Rama Serai district, which is a small valley, and 
is reported to be in some places a mile wide, but it is now over- 
run with jungles, full of wild beasts. The Camaulda, now swollen. 
by the rain, is about 70 feet wide and 21 feet deep, and very 
rapid. Immediately on crossing it, the country up the Jumna 
assumes a more pleasing appearance; the mountains which 
_ bound it, though very lofty, do not rise so abruptly, and several 
_ small villages are seen on their lower slopes. On the right bank 
of the river, there is a slip of level ground from 300 to 500 yards 
_ wide. The summits of the mountains are covered by cedars 
and other pines, and the snow yet lies on them. 
Proceed by the river side to Paunti, a village of 20 houses, 
_ pleasantly situated about 400 feet above the Jumna. The 
march was long and fatiguing, as it rained the whole way ; the 
loaded people did not arrive till after dark. At this village I 
got supplies of grain. The country I have passed through from 
Calsi is nearly deserted, on account of famine caused by the 
crops of last year having been destroyed by the hail in October. 
Aware of this circumstance, I have brought grain with me from 
Calsi, and subsisted my followers with it. Latitude of Paunti, 
30° 48” 08”. 
Two and a quarter miles parallel to the Jumna, and descend to 
its bed, where the stream from the Banaul glen joins it. Leave 
‘the Jumna, and proceed three miles NW. up the Banaul river. 
_ Then ascend the south face of the mountain to Gira, a village of 
