110 Extracts from the “ Journal of a Survey to explore (Ave. 
10 large houses pleasantly situated, and sheltered from the 
northern blasts. This district of Banaul is about seven miles in 
length ; the NW. end is closed by a high rocky mountain, where 
the stream arises, which waters the bottom of the glen. Several 
villages are seen placed in advantageous situations on the sides 
of the mountains, the soil of which is fertile; wood, water, and 
grain are abundant. 
As I learned that much snow yet remained on my route for- 
ward, I halted here some days, to give it time to melt, and to 
refresh my people who were harassed by the journey from Calsi, 
for it had rained every day, and they had been sparingly and ill 
fed, and also to take the rates ofmy chronometers. 1 took two 
immersions of Jupiter’s satellites : Latitude of Gira, 30° 52’ 08”. 
Gira to Thanno ; total distance eight miles. Down the north 
side of the glen, and pass the villages of Bisat and Devah to 
Dakiat, a large village, 4 m. 6 f. Proceed parallel to the 
Jumna, but above it, 1 m. 6 f. and descend to the Badal river, 
which comes from a glen similar to that of Banal, but is longer, 
and contains more and larger villages. 
The river joins the Jumna here; it comes from the Cédara 
Canta, a large mountain covered with snow, and its course is 
from N. 15° west; breadth about 40 feet; depth 14 and 2 feet. 
Proceed 14 mile further to Thanno, a small village, 400 feet 
above the right bank of the Jumna. 
The road to day chiefly on a gradual descent ; path good and 
pleasant. The Jumnotri snowy peaks seen up the river, have a 
noble appearance ; the eastern peak bears 56° 17’ N&.; its alti- 
tude 8°16’. Thanno appears to be 4083 feet above the level of 
Seharanpur. Latitude observed 30° 49’ 12”. 
Thanno to Catnaur; total distance 4 m. 2 f. Steep descent 
to the Jumna, and cross it on a sangha, which consists of three 
small spars and some twigs bound together, and laid across in 
the manner of a hurdle. Thesangha is in two portions, being 
laid from rock to rock ; one is nine paces in length, and the 
other seven, the breadth of the river being about 40 feet; but 
it is deep, being confined between the rocks, through which it 
falls like a cataract. The water nearly touches the bridge, 
which is a bad one. Some of my goats fell through it, and 
were drowned. Above this place, the bed of the Jumnais much 
inclined ; the stream bounds from rock to rock, and for the 
most part is a series of small cataracts. 
A mile beyond the sangha, cross the S’ilba, a small river from 
the glen of that name, and proceed to Catnaur,.a small village 
500 feet above the left bank of the Jumna. Up the S’ilba glen 
is a convenient pass over the ridge, which separates the Ganges 
and Jumna. 
The path to day chiefly ascent and descent, and very rough 
and steep in most places; and hence forward the features of the 
mountains bear a harsher appearance, there being generally 
