1822.] the Sources of the Rivers Ganges and Jumna.” 133 
In this neighbourhood springs of hot water are very nume- 
rous; they are seen bubbling up among the rocks in various 
laces near the rivers. The heat of the water is too great to 
bear the hand in it for many moments; but having broken my 
long scaled thermometer, I could not ascertain its precise tem- 
perature. The water has little if any taste. About half a mile 
above its junction with the Jumna, the Bannasa river falls from 
a precipice of yellow and rose-coloured granite, of 80 or 90 feet 
high, in a noble cascade. The breadth of the stream is about 
15 feet, and it falls, with much noise, into a deep basin, which it 
has worn in the rock. 
The stream is caused by the melting of the snows on the 
heights above. i 
From the village, two of the Jumnotri peaks appear towering 
above the clouds with sublime efiect. Angle of altitude (taken 
by reflection in mercury) of the east peak, 15° 34’ 45”, of the 
west, 17° 10’ 10”. 
Bannasa.—Longitude of Bannasa, 5° 13” 47-9”. 
The beginning of twilight made the observation not so good 
as it would have otherwise been. Lat. observed, 30°55’ 50”. 
This is not a good latitude. The weather was cloudy and 
stormy, with showers of sleet. 
Bannasa to Cursali; thermometer at sunrise, 33°. 
Descend to the Jumna, and cross it on a plank 12} feet long, 
and again on a plank of 10 feet; depth of the water 24 feet; 
beds of frozen snow extend to the margin of the stream. A 
most laborious and steep ascent of 675 paces, whence gradually 
descend, and cross the Jumna on a small sangha, where it 
receives the Imri rivulet from the snow, whence it originates, 
about 11 mile to the end. It is less than the Jumna, which is 
now reduced to the rank of a rivulet. Strong ascent to the vil- 
lage of Cursali. Total distance 4978 paces. 
Stormy weather and very cold; driving showers of sleet and 
rain; path bad andslippery. —, 
The viilage of Cursali contains about 25 substantial houses, 
and is situated at the immediate feet of the Jumnotri snowy 
eaks ; but they are not visible, as the near and steep part of the 
ase obstructs the view. The situation is very peculiar, and 
one would hardly suppose that people should choose to live in 
such aremote and cold place. [tis the latter end of April, and 
yet daily slight showers of snow fall, and the remains of drifts 
yet lie in shaded places in the village. By the sides of the [mn 
and Jumna, there are several spots of flat ground on which the 
inhabitants cultivate grain enough for their subsistence. To the 
west, north, and east. this little secluded place is bounded b 
the lofty cliffs of the Himalaya ; and to the south it is sheltered 
by a mountain, the north face of which is not so steep, and it is 
clothed with trees. All those are at present deep in_snow, 
which reaches down to the level of the two streams ; yet I found 
New Series, you. 1v. I 
