116 Extracts from the “ Journal of a Survey to explore [Auc. 
abrupt, a small vill is seen falling from a rock which projects 
from the snow; itis about three feet wide, and shallow, being only a 
shower of spray produced by the snow now thawing in the sun’s 
rays at noon. Above that no water whatever is seen; if there 
were any, it would be visible, as the whole base of the mountain 
is exposed to view, directly in front; consequently the above rill 
is the most remote source of the Jumna. At the present season 
it was not. possible to go to it, as the snow bed was further on 
ampassable, being intersected by rents and chasms caused by 
the falling in of the snow, as it melts by the steam of the boiling 
springs below it. 
Here then is the head of the Jumna on the SW. side of the 
grand Himalaya ridge, differing from the Ganges, inasmuch as 
that river has the upper part of its course within the Himalaya, 
flowing from the south of east to the north of west; and it is. 
only from Suc’hi, where it pierces through the Himalaya, that it 
assumes a course of about 8S. 20° W. 
The fall of the Jumna from Jumnotri to the Din is very consi- 
derable. I regret I had not a good barometer to ascertain the 
height of Jumnotri. I had with me an empty country-made 
barometer tube with which I endeavoured to gain an approxi- 
mate idea on the subject. Having warmed and well dried the 
tube, I filled it gradually with mercury, driving out such air 
bubbles as were visible, and inverted it in a deep cup of quick- 
silver, taking care not to remove my finger from the orifice till 
the lower end of the tube was fairly below the surface of the 
quicksilver ; the tube was kept in an erect position by means of 
a plumb line. 
The length of the column was 20°40 inches, which, corrected 
for temperature, gives 10,483 feet for the height of Jumnotri 
above the sea, taking 30-04 inches for the level of the sea. 
The above is only a rude experiment, but I had not the means 
of making a better; the length of the column may be depended 
on to the 20th part of an inch, I think, but the probable impurity 
of the mercury may cause an error of 200, or, perhaps, 300 feet. 
Near noon, I took a short set of circum-meridional altitudes 
of the'sun for the latitude. Mean latitude of the hot springs of 
Jumnotri, 30° 58’ 52:1”. 
The latitude of the small fall or rill, which may more properly 
be calied the head of the Jumna, will be 30° 59” 06”. 
April 21.—Having finished my observations by two o’clock, 
I set out to return; the heat of the sun had then begun to melt 
the snow on the cliffs on both sides, and many rocks and lumps 
of snow were falling down: this obliged us to run with all speed 
down the snow bed to get out of the way of these missiles. 
Several of the people had narrow escapes from the falling frag- 
ments, but no one was struck. 
The inhabitants of Cursali say, that it is 17 years since they 
