1822.] Rev. Mr. Buckland’s Account of Fossil Teeth, &c. 133 
ArtTicLe VII. 
Account of an Assemblage of Fossil Teeth and Bones, of Elephant, 
Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, Bear, Tiger, and Hyena, and 16 
other Animals; discovered in a Cave at Kirkdale, Yorkshire, 
in the Year 1821: with a Comparative View of five similar 
Caverns in various Parts of England, and others on the Conti- 
nent. By the Rev. William Buckland, FRS. FLS. Vice-Pre- 
sident of the Geological Society of London, and Professor of 
Mineralogy and Geology in the University of Oxford, &c.* 
Havine been induced in December last to visit Yorkshire, 
for the purpose of investigating the circumstances of the cave, 
at Kirkdale, near Kirby Moorside, about 25 miles NNE. of the 
city of York, in which a discovery was made last summer of a 
- singular collection of teeth and bones, I beg to lay before the 
Royal Society the result of my observations on this new and 
interesting case, and to point out some important general con- 
clusions that arise from it. 
The facts I have collected seem calculated to throw ar 
important light on the state of our planet at a period antecedent 
to the last great convulsion that has affected its surface; and I 
may add, zn limine, that they afford cne of the most complete 
and satisfactory chains of consistent circumstantial evidence I 
have ever met with in the course of my geological investigations. 
As I shall have frequent occasion to make use of the word 
diluvium, it may be necessary to premise that I apply it to those 
extensive and general deposits of superficial gravel, which 
appear to have been produced by the last great convulsion that 
has affected our planet ; and that with regard to the indications 
afforded by geology of such a convulsion, I entirely coincide 
with the views of M. Cuvier, in considering them as bearing 
undeniable evidence of a recent and'transient inundation.| On. 
these grounds J have felt myself fully justified in applying the 
epithet di/uvial to the results of this great convulsion, of antedz- 
luvial to the state of things immediately preceding it, and post- 
diluvial or alluvial to that which succeeded it, and has conti- 
nued to the present time. 
In detailing these observations, I propose, first, to submit a 
short account of the geological position and relations of the rock 
* From the Philosophical Transactions for 1822. Part I. 
+ Analogous evidences to the same point, collected in this country from the state of 
the gravel beds and valleys in the midland parts of England, have recently been pub- 
lished by myself in a paper on the Lickey Hill, in the second part of the fifth volume of 
the Geological Transactions, and in the Appendix to an inaugural lecture I published 
at Oxford, in 1820. Another paper of mine on similar evidences afforded by the val- 
leys that intersect the coast of West Dorset and East Devonshire, will be published in 
the first part of the sixth volume of the Geological Transactions, 
