1822.] Bones discovered in a Cave at Kirkdale, in Yorkshire. 141 
The greatest number of teeth are those of hyznas, and the 
ruminantia. Mr. Gibson alone collected more than 300 canine 
teeth of the hyena, which at the least must have belonged to 75 
individuals, and they are in the same proportion in other col- 
lections. The only remains that have been found of the tiger 
species are two large canine teeth, each four inches in length, 
and one molar tooth, exceeding in size that of the largest hon 
or Bengal tiger. There is one tusk only of a bear which exactly 
resembles those of the extinct ursus speleus of the caves of 
Germany, the size of which M. Cuvier says must have equalled 
that of a large horse. Of the wolf and fox there are many teeth, 
and others belonging to an animal which I cannot ascertain: it 
seems to have been nearly allied to the wolf, but the teeth are 
rauch thinner, and less strong. A few jaws and teeth have also 
been found belonging to the weasel. Teeth of the larger pachy- 
dermatous animals are not abundant. I have information of 
about 10 elephants’ teeth, but of no tusk; and as very few of 
these teeth exceed three inches in their longest diameter, they 
must have belonged to very young animals. I have seen but 
six molar teeth of the hippopotamus, and a few fragments of its 
canine and incisor teeth ; some of which latter are in the pos- 
session of Mr. Thorpe, of York. Teeth of the rhinoceros are not 
so rare. I have seen 40 or 50, and some of them extremely 
large ones, and apparently from aged animals. I have heard of 
only two or three teeth belonging to the horse. Of the teeth of 
deer there are at least three species, the smallest being very 
nearly of the size and form of those of a fallow deer, the largest 
agreeing in size, but differing in form from those of the modern 
elk; and a third being of an intermediate size, and approaching 
that of a large stag or red deer. I have not ascertained how 
many species there are of ox, but apparently there are at least 
two. But the teeth, which occur perhaps in greatest abundance, 
are those of the water-rat ; for in almost every specimen I have 
collected or seen of the osseous breccia, there are teeth or 
broken fragments of the bones of this little animal mixed with, 
and adhering to the fragments of all the larger bones. These 
rats may be supposed to have abounded on the edge of the lake, 
which 1 have shown probably to have existed at that time in this 
neighbourhood: there are also a few teeth and bones of rabbits 
and mice. 
Besides the teeth and bones already described, the cave con- 
tained also remains of horns of at least two species of deer. 
One of these resembles the horn of the common stag or red deer, 
the circumference of the base measuring 93 inches, which is 
precisely the size of our largest stag. A second measures 73 
inches at the same part, and both have two antlers, that rise very 
near the base. In a smaller species, the lowest antler is 354. 
inches above the base, the circumference of which is 8 inches. 
No horns are found entire, but fragments only, and these appa- 
