1822.] Bones discoveredina Cave at Kirkdale, in Yorkshire. 185 
vered by Mr. Miller, of Bristol, in a cavity of mountain lime- 
stone, near Clifton, by the turnpike gate on Derdham Down: 
these are not rolled, but have evidently been fractured by vio- 
lence: they are partially incrusted with stalactitic matter, and 
the broken surfaces have also an external coating of thin ochreous 
stalactite, showing the fracture to have been ancient; one spe- 
cimen, the property of Mr. Miller, displays the curious circum- 
stance of a fossil joint of the horse; it is the tarsus joint, in 
which the astragalus retains its natural position between the 
tibia and os calcis; these are held together by a stalactitic 
cement, and were probably left in this position by some beast of 
prey that had gnawed off the deficient portions of the tibia and 
os calcis. 
4, A fourth case is that of some bones and molar teeth of the 
elephant found in another cavity of mountain limestone at Bal- 
leye, near Wirksworth, in Derbyshire, in the year 1663; one of 
these teeth is now in the collection of Mr. White Watson, of 
Bakewell. There is; I believe, no detailed account of the cir- 
cumstances under which these remains were found, further than 
that the cavity was intersected in working a lead mine; they 
might possibly have been introduced in the same manner as 
those at Kirkdale and Crawley Rocks. 
5. The fifth and last example which I am acquainted with is 
that described by Sir Everard Home and J. Whidby, Esq. in the 
Philosophical Transactions for 1817, as discovered at Oreston, 
near Plymouth, by Mr. Whidby, in removing the entire mass of 
a hill of transition limestone for the construction of the Break- 
water. This limestone is full of caverns and fissures, such as 
may be seen at Stonehouse and elsewhere along the edge of the 
cliffs ; that in which the bones were found was 15 feet wide, 12 
high, and 45 long, and about four feet above high water mark ; 
it was filled with solid clay (probably diluvian mud) in which the 
teeth and bones were imbedded, and was intersected in blasting 
away the body of the rock to make the Breakwater. The state 
of the teeth and bones was precisely the same with that of those 
found at Crawley rocks, they were much broken, but not in the 
slightest degree rounded by attrition, and Sir Everard Home has 
ascertained them to belong exclusively to a species of rhmoceros. 
A similar discovery of teeth and bones was made in 1820, ina 
smaller cavern, distant 120 yards from the former, being one 
foot high, 18 wide, and 20 long, and eight feet above the high 
water mark ; a description of its contents is given in the Philo- 
sophical Transactions for 1821, by the same gentlemen. It 
contained no stalactite, which abounds in many of the adjacent 
caverns. Sir Everard Home describes these teeth and bones as 
belonging to the rhinoceros, deer, and a species of bear. 
Mr. Whidby is of opinion that neither of these caverns had 
the appearance of ever having had any opening to the surface, 
or communication with it whatever ; an opinion in which | can 
