1822.] Bones discovered ina Cave at Kirkdale, in Yorkshire. 189 
The above description of the cave at Gailenreuth, extracted 
from Rosenmuller, and confirmed by my own observations on the 
spot, may be taken as an example of the state of the other caves 
on the Continent, of which it is superfluous here to say any 
thing further than to subjoin a list given by M. Cuvier of the 
most important of them, and to refer to the fourth volume of his 
Animaux fossiles, for further details taken from the authors by 
whom these caves have been described. 
The caves alluded to are as follows : 
1. That of Bauman, in the county of Blankenberg, in Bruns- 
wick, on the east border of the Hartz forest, and described by 
Leibnitz. 
2. That of Sharzfels, in Hanover, in the south border of the 
Hartz, described by Leibnitz, Deluc, and Bruckmann. 
Behrens, in his Hercynia Curiosa, speaks of several more in 
the neighbourhood of the Hartz; from most of these the bones 
were collected during a long course of years, and sold for their 
imaginary medicinal virtues under the name of Licorne. 
3. The caves that next. attracted attention were those of the 
Carpathians, and the bones found in them were at first known 
by the name of dragons’ bones, and have been described by 
Hayne and Bruckmann. : 
4. But the most richly furnished are the caves of Franconia, 
-described by Esper and Rosenmuller, near the sources of the 
Maypn, in the vicinity of Bamberg and Bayreuth, at the villages 
of Gailenreuth, Mockas, Rabenstein, Kirch-a-horn, Zahnloch, 
Zewig, and Hohen Mirchfeld. 
5. A fifth locality occurs at Glucksbrun, near Meinungen, on 
the south border of the Thuringerwald. 
6. And a sixth in Westphalia, at Kluterhoehle, and Sundwich, 
in the country of Mark. M. Cuvier states, that the bones found 
in these caverns are identical over an extent of more than 200 
leagues; that three-fourths of the whole belong to two species 
of bear, both extinct; the Ursus speleus and Ursus arctoideus, 
and two-thirds of the remainder to extinct hyenas. A very few 
to a species of the cat family, being neither a lion, tiger, panther, 
or leopard, but most resembling the jaguar, or spotted panther 
of South America. There is also a wolf or dog (not distinguish- 
able from a recent species), a fox and polecat. He adds that, in 
the caves thus occupied, there occur no remains of the elephant, 
rhinoceros, horse, ox, tapir, or any of the ruminantia or rodentia. 
in this respect they differ materially from that of Yorkshire ; but 
such variation is consistent with the different habits of bears and 
hyenas, arising from the different structure of their teeth and 
general organization ; from which it follows, that bears prefer 
vegetable food to that of animals, and, when driven to the latter, 
wae sucking the blood to eating the flesh, while hyzenas are 
eyond all other beasts addicted to gnawing bones. 
rom this circumstance it is rendered probable, that in the 
