190 Rev. Mr. Buckland’s Account of Fossil Teethand. [Srrxr, 
caves inhabited chiefly by bears, the bones of other animals 
should be extremely rare. But unless there be an error in the 
statement. of M. Deluc (Lettres, vol. iv. p. 588), that a. tooth 
found in the cave at Scharzfels was ascertained by M. Hollman 
to be that.of a rhinoceros; and of Esper, that large cervical 
vertebree of an elephant were found by M. Frischman in the 
eave of Schneiderloch ; it follows, that these two animals, occur, 
though very rarely, in the caves of Germany, and they may have 
been introduced by the few hyznas that occasionally inhabited 
them; that. they lived in the neighbourhood of these caves, in 
the period immediately preceding the formation of the diluvium, 
is probable, from the occurrence in it of the bones of the elephant 
and rhinoceros near the caves of Scharzfels and Alterstein, men- 
tioned by Blumenbach. (Archaeologia Telluris, p. 15.) 
_ The fact mentioned by M. Cuvier of the same hyzna being 
common to, the caves and gravel of France and Germany, and 
that ascertained by myself, of the Ursus speleus occurring in 
the gravel of Upper Austria, proves both these extinct species 
to have. been the antediluvian contemporaries of the extinct ele- 
phant and rhinoceros; there is, therefore, no anachronism in 
finding the remains of the two latter in a den that was occasion- 
ally inhabited by such hyznas and bears. 
With respect to the analogies of the diluvian sediment and 
the stalactite in Germany and Yorkshire, in the case of the open 
caves that have been disturbed and ransacked for centuries, it is 
hopeless to expect evidence of what was the precise state of 
these deposits in each individual cavern at the time it was first 
entered. Still there is information respecting some that have 
been recently discovered, which is to our purpose. it is stated, 
that a sediment of this kind was found on the sides and floor of 
the cave at Glucksbrun, near Meinungen, when it was newly 
opened in cutting a road in 1799, and that in all the other 
caverns also there is mud, but no rounded pebbles. M. Deluc, 
in describing the matrix in which the bones are lodged in the 
eave at Scharzfels, says, ‘le fait est donc simplement, que le 
sol de ces cavernes est d’une terre calcaire,” ‘‘ qu’en creusant 
cette couche molle, on en tire quantité de fragmens d’os; et 
qu'il s’y trouve aussi des concrétions pierreuses qui renferment 
des.os.” (Deluc, Lettres, vol. iv. p. 590.) These concretions 
with bones appear analogous to the stalagmitic concretions. at 
Kirkdale, and, the soft calcareous earth by which they are 
covered, resembles its stratum of mud. Again, the resemblance 
holds. also in the existence both of bones and soft mud in the 
smallest recesses of the caverns. He says, p. 589, “ Il faut en 
quelques endroits se trainer sur le ventre, par dessous la pierre 
dure pour continuer ay creuser.” This is an exact description of 
the state of the extremities of the cave at Kirkdale at the present 
moment. : 
. ‘Leibnitz, in his: description.of: this same cavern, has the:fol- 
