i825.J Geological Societyi 465 



which the remains of the Elk occur in the cuvrag'hs of the 

 Isle of Man, as described by Mr. Henslow, Mr. Weaver 

 infers that these Elks must have lived and died in i\\e 

 countries where they are now found ; that the period when 

 they lived must be considered as modern in the physical his- 

 tory of the globe ; and that their destruction is to be attributed 

 to the constant persecution of their enemies, and in some cases 

 to the operation of local causes ; and not to a catastrophe 

 acting on the entire surface of the globe : thus, that their re- 

 mains are not o( diluvial, but o( post-diluvial origin. Mr. Weaver 

 conceives that they fled to the lakes, which have since become 

 bogs, as a refuge from their enemies, and so often found a 

 grave where they had sought protection. 



GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



Feb. 18. — A paper by Professor Buckland was read on the 

 valley of Kingsclere near Newbury, and the evidence it affords 

 of disturbances affecting the green sand, chalk, and plastic 

 clay formations. 



The object of this paper is to describe the phsenomena of a 

 small valley near Kingsclere, in which ihe green sand strata 

 are protruded to the surface through the chalk and plastic clay, 

 at a spot situated within the area of the chalk basin of New- 

 bury, and affording a remarkable exception to the general 

 regularity of that basin. 



This irregularity of structure has apparently originated from 

 a sudden elevation of the chalk, accompanied by "fracture and 

 ail inverted dip ; its position is remarkable as being near Inkpen 

 hill, a point where the chalk rises to 1011 feet, the highest 

 elevation it attains in England. 



In the valley subjacent to the Inkpen ridge, and near its 

 north base, the chalk dips rapidly in two opposite directions 

 nearly N and S on each side of a central axis or anticlinal line ; 

 and a httle further east the green sand also emerges with a 

 similar double dip, and forms the small valley of Kingsclere, 

 surrounded on all sides with an enclosing escarpment of chalk. 

 The N frontier of this valley is in close contact with well 

 characterized deposits of plastic clay dipping like itself rapidly 

 towards the north. Four similar valleys are adduced in the 

 counties of Wilts aud Dorset ; and the author concludes re- 

 specting them all, that it is utterly impossible to explain their 

 origin by denudation alone, nor indeed without referring the 

 present position of their component strata to a force acting 

 from below and elevating the strata along the line of the 

 central axis of the valleys in question. To valleys of this kind 

 the author applies the appellation of valleys of elevation, to 

 distinguish them from those which owe their origin simply 

 to diluvial denudation. He then proceeds to uhow, that the 

 Ncie Series, vol, ix. 2h 



