1826.] Philosophical Transactions' for 1825, Part II. VX)9 



angle made by the union of the tibia with the tarsus ; some of 

 which being directed downwards, give the insect a firmer hold 

 ill walking. 



" The hind legs bear a general resemblance to the middle 

 legs ; but the coxa, femur, and tibia, the femur especially, are 

 much larger and stronger ; the relative position of the parts 

 with respect to each other is the same as that of the middle 

 legs ; but their general direction, instead of being at right 

 angles to that of the abdomen, is parallel to it. In addition to 

 several sharp spines placed about the joint of the tibia and tarsus, 

 and directed downwards as in the middle legs, there are four or 

 five others placed at the back of the tibia near its lower extre- 

 mity, and pointing slightly downwards. The structure of the 

 tarsus scarcely dift'ers from that of the middle leg. These hind 

 legs are evidently the great instruments of progressive or retro- 

 gressive motion." 



Omitting the description of the wings, and proceeding to that 

 of the digestive organs, we find the author combating the opinion 

 that the gryllotalpa ruminates, and stating the internal structure 

 of the parts to destroy the probabihty of its trutli. Its digestive 

 organs resemble more closely those of a granivorous bird than of 

 any other animal. One of the most remarkable is the gizzard, 

 which terminates a short tube passing from the crop towards the 

 intestines. It is scarcely larger than a hempseed, nearly sphe- 

 rical, consisting of a thick external muscular coat, lined by a 

 glandular membrane, the inner surface of which is divided lon- 

 gitudinally into six equal parts, separated from each other by 

 two dark-brown horny ridges ; each division is furnished with 

 three series of serrated teeth, of the consistence, and nearly of 

 the colour of tortoise-shell, running from the top to the bottom. 

 There are 15 teeth in each of the three series of the six divisions, 

 making in the whole 270. Four of these divisions terminate in 

 a tapering membranous appendage, consisting of a natural fold, 

 which serves to convey onwards any fluid particles that may 

 have been pressed out by the action of the gizzard. This is 

 contained in a large membranous cavity of the shape of a horse- 

 shoe, the base of which passes across the lower extremity of the 

 gizzard, while the sides form two enormous caeca, which ascend 

 obliquely outwards on each side of the gizzard. 



The jejunum, great intestine, and liver, we have space only 

 to mention, and proceed to extract Dr. Kidd's account of 



" The Blood. Upon wounding the animal in almost any part 

 of the body, even in cutting off' a portion of the caudal antenna, 

 there oozes out a very clear thin fluid of a bright honey-yellow 

 colour; having sensibly alkaline properties, and coagulating 

 either by heat or by the addition of alcohol. A quantity of this 

 fluid, weighing 1*85 grain, being evaporated under an exhausted 

 receiver, in which was placed dry muriate of lime, left a s jlid 



New Series, vol. xi. p 



