— 83 — 



In small specimens of Dactylopterus the ciliaris profundi issues through the large trigeminus 

 foramen. 



According to Stannius ('49, p. 38), the ciliaris profundi of teleosts perforates the ,,Keilbein- 

 ^■' flügel^^lisphenoid), but this certainly is not triie of any of the mail-cheeked fishes I have examined, 



nor of Scomber, in all of which fishes it perforates the proötic. 



In Cottus, Trigla and Lepidotrigla, as in Ophiodon (Allen, '05), the truncus ciliaris profundi 

 is accompanied, in its passage through its foramen, by the encephalic brauch of the jugular vein. 

 In Dactylopterus and Scorpaena, that vein traverses the trigeminus foramen. associated with the 

 truncus profundi in Dactylopterus, but not in Scorpaena. 



In Scorpaena, the ciliaris profundi receives, immediately after issuing from the skull, a brauch 

 from the large sympathetic ganglion associated with the trigeminus, and then separates into its two 

 parts, the ciliaris longus and the radix longa. The ciliaris longus is much the thicker nerve of the 

 two, and running upward and forward, dorsal to the rectus externus and posterior and somewhat 

 parallel to the rectus superior, pierces the eyeball between that muscle and the rectus externus. The 

 radix longa continues onward near the nervus oculomotorius and soon enters the ciliary ganglion; 

 this latter ganglion also receiving, on both sides of the adult specimen used for figure 28, an inde- 

 pendent sympathetic Strand Coming from the trigeminus sympathetic ganglion. This latter Strand 

 was not evident in the sections. The ciliary ganglion is connected with the oculomotorius by the 

 radix brevis, and from it a single nerve arises, the ciliaris brevis, which joins and accompanies the 

 nervus opticus and pierces the eyeball not far from that nerve. 



In Lepidotrigla the ciliaris profundi, after issuing from its foramen with the encephalic vein, 

 turns downward and forward close against the outer surface of the cranial wall, closely accompanying 

 the internal jugular vein and lying, with that vein, immediately beneath the anterior portion of 

 the trigeminus sympathetic ganglion. From the latter ganglion it receives a Strand, and then, joining 

 and accompanying the nervus oculomotorius, separates into its two portions shortly before it reaches 

 the ciliary ganglion. In both Cottus scorpius and Cottus octodecimospinosus, and also in Dactylopterus, 

 strictly similar conditions are found. 



The profundus ganglion and its root, and the ciliaris longus and radix longa, are all described 

 by Stannius in Trigla gurnardus and Trigla hirundo, these two teleosts being the only ones in which 

 that author found an independent profundus ganglion. Of Cottus (species not given) Stannius says 

 ('49, p. 38), that the ramus ciliaris arises from the trigeminus ganglion, close to the ramus ophthal- 

 micus trigemini; a statement certainly not true of either of the two species of Cottus that I have 

 examined. 



In Menidia, the radix ciliaris longa of Herrick's descriptions is simply the sympathetic Strand 

 sent from the trigeminus sympathetic ganglion to join the true radix longa, this latter radix being 

 his ramus ophthalmicus profundus. 



In Petromyzon, the root of the profundus is said by Johnston ('05 b, p. 186) to contain some 

 lateralis fibers. 



c. Nervus Trigeminus. 



The several motor and general cutaneous branches of this nerve all have, in all the fishes of 

 the group, their apparent origin from the trigeminus ganglion, that ganglion lying in the trigemino- 

 facialis Chamber. 



