^ 109 — 



the hyomandibular, this contact being a characteristic of the flanges of the metapterygoids of Scor- 

 paena and Sebastes, and not of the bodies of those bones. The bone is perforated, in Cottus, in its 

 dorso-posterior portion, by a foramen which transmits the external carotid artery from the external 

 to the internal surface of the palato-quadrate apparatus. Immediately internal to the foramen, 

 the carotid falls into the arteria hyoidea at a sharp bend in that artery, the arteria hyoidea there 

 turning almost directly backward to enter the opercular hemibranch. The arteria hyoidea, ventral 

 to this bend, Hes at first along the internal surface of the metapterygoid, but comes to the outer sur- 

 face of the apparatus through a large fenestra between the metapterygoid, hyomandibular and sym- 

 plectic. It then crosses the external surface of the symplectic and passes to the internal surface of the 

 apparatus through the opening between the symplectic and preopercular, the mandibular artery 

 being here given off, as in Scorpaena. The relations of these two arteries to the metapterygoid would 

 thus be the same as those in Scorpaena, if those parts of the hind edge of the bone of Cottus that 

 lie dorsal and ventral to the foramen for the external carotid represented respectively the internal 

 and external flanges on the hind edge of the bone of Scorpaena; and this is certainly the case, the 

 ventral edge of the internal flange abutting against and fusing with the dorsal edge of the external 

 flange, and the foramen for the carotid, in Cottus, representing the greatly reduced V-shaped space 

 between the two flanges in Scorpaena. The relatively large fenestra that transmits the arteria hyoidea 

 is then the homologue of the small opening that transmits that artery in Scorpaena. 

 The efferent pseudobranchial artery is as in Scorpaena. 



The ECTOPTERYGOID and ENTOPTERYGOID are in normal position, the latter bone 

 being relatively long. 



The PALATI NE has a short body and a long but low ventral flange, this flange being whoUy 

 without teeth and its hind end being prolonged posteriorly in a tapering point which lies against 

 the ventral surface of the dorsal limb of the ectopterygoid. On the lateral surface of the body of 

 the palatine, anterior to the base of the process-like posterior extension of its ventral flange, there 

 is a deep U-shaped depression, the legs of the U being directed j^osteriorly. In the posteriorly directed 

 hollow of this U, the process on the mesial edge of the articular head of the lachrymal is received, 

 and is firmly bound to it by tissues, some slight motion between the parts being possible. The body 

 of the palatine is in synchondrosis posteriorly with a well formed rod of cartilage which lies along 

 the dorsal surface of the dorsal limb of the ectopterygoid and connects the body of the palatine with 

 that portion of the palato-quadrate cartilage that lies between the quadrate and metapterygoid. 



The maxillary process of the palatine is stout and its distal end is expanded into a broad flat 

 portion which rests upon and is firmly bound to the dorsal surface of the maxiUary. At the base 

 of the process there is a small process directed dorso-mesially. This process is strongly bound by 

 tissue to the lateral edge of the ethmoid cartilage, but does not have articular contact with that 

 cartilage. In Scorpaenichthys this process is large, and articulates with a large articular surface 

 on the lateral edge of the ethmoid cartilage. In Cottus, the lateral surface of the little process gives 

 Insertion to the rostro-palatine ligament. The vomero-palatine ligament is relatively long, arises 

 from the hind edge of the raised, toothed portion of the vomer, and running postero-laterally is in- 

 serted on the internal surface of the body of the palatine. 



The anterior and posterior ethmo-palatine articulations are thus both wanting in Cottus, the 

 posterior articulation being replaced by the articular connection of the palatine with the lachrymal. 



