128 TRANSPLANTING LARGE EVERGREEN TREES AND SHRUBS. 
been absorbed. The time for taking up the roots is easily ascertained. 
Wien the stems roll themselves round the fingers without breaking, 
then I am certain that the time for taking up has arrived. This takes 
place generally towards the end of June, and I am careful to observe 
the same order as was adopted in planting them. ‘loo tender to resist 
the action of the sun after being taken from the ground, the roots are 
liable to perish by being exposed to iis rays, so that care is taken to 
avoid such injury. 
In taking them up I gently uncover the ground at the sides of the 
roots, and then uncover them; after they have been deprived of their 
shoots, of their dry skins, and separated from their offsets, I place them 
in cases destined to receive them. I then leave them to dry in the 
shade, from morning to evening, for four or five days. During a 
month I occasionally expose them to the air, in order to guarantee 
their perfect dryness, and thus contribute to their better preservation. 
Some other remarks on florists flowers I reserve for future occasions. 
ON TRANSPLANTING LARGE EVERGREEN TREES 
AND SHRUBS. 
BY R. GLENDINNING, F,H.S. 
Larce Hollies, Yews, Cedars, and similar ornamental evergreens, 
intended for immediate effect, should have their roots pruned any time 
before they begin to grow. In some instances it will be better to dig 
a trench within a reasonable distance from the bole of the tree, so as to 
retain a ball no larger than can be transplanted. ‘This trench should 
be cut sufficiently deep all round the tree, and as much under it as 
may appear necessary, to get at the principal roots, which should be 
cut through, and the soil again filled in. ‘The wounds will be com- 
pletely healed by the autumn, and numerous rootlets sent out into the 
loose soil. The plant will be checked in its growth, and may probably 
become a. little discoloured if it has previously been in a vigorous state 
of growth. As to the proper season when the operation of transplant- 
ing should be conducted, the winter months, or from the end of 
October to the beginning of April, is the usual time recommended for 
planting; but for large plants, from six to thirty feet in height, the 
best time is early in the autumn, when the young shoots begin to attain 
a certain degree of consistency ; then the operations ought to be con- 
ducted with all possible expedition. The end of Angust is a good 
time to begin, September being the safest month in the year—selecting 
such plants to commence with as have matured their shoots. Another 
and a very important advantage is, that the force of the sun during 
summer, although now on the decline, has warmed the earth to a con- 
siderable degree and depth, so that the mutilated roots are compara- 
tively situated on a bottom heat, which rapidly promotes cicatrisation, 
and frequently aids the emission of young spongelets during the cur- 
rent autumn. The exact period to commence these operations must, 
howeyer, always be determined by the nature of the season, and the 
state of maturity the current year’s growth has attained; in some 
