274 ON HEATING PLANT STRUCTURES. 



each six feet long; the chamber containing them is about eight feet by 

 three feet, and five feet iiigh. It has been in operation about six 

 weeks ; for the last four weeks the fire has been lighted three times 

 a-week only. The results are — 1st, That the church is most thoroughly 

 dry ; there is no trace of damp, even on the Steinton-stone floor, though 

 the climate is very damp and the soil full of water ; we were deterred, 

 indeed, from attempting to carry the liot-air flues under the floor to 

 different parts of the church by the difliculty presented by the water. 

 2nd, That, with an outside temperature of 30^, the temperature of the 

 church was 50^, and this when the works were scarcely dry. Since 

 then we have commanded a steady and agreeable warmth of from 52^ 

 to 55^ ; yesterday, with a frost outside, the thermometer in tiie centre 

 of the church stood at 61". After many trials, I liave observed very 

 little, if any, difference in the warmth fifteen feet from the grates and 

 fifty feet. The cold air is drawn off" from the floor of the church by a 

 drain passing into the hot-air chamber, but the principal supply is by 

 a cold-air drain outside the church. There is no smell whatsoever ; 

 the temperature is tiiat of a large room, equally and comfortably 

 warmed. Tlie operation is verj' quick. I have found in an hour and 

 a half from the time that tiie first spark of fire was put into the fire- 

 box, the heated air coming in at the principal grate at 172^ ; it makes 

 itself sensibly felt at the grates in half an hour. The greatest heat I 

 have observed (as noted by the thermometer hanging within an inch 

 of the face of this grate, but not touching it in any part) has been 212^. 

 AYe burn anthracite and sifted cinders ; the latter do the best when the 

 fire is once started. On the whole, I think that Mr. Hazard's invention 

 may be said to be very complete, very simple, very easy of manage- 

 ment, and very certain, as well as speedy and effectual in its opera- 

 tion ; by no means expensive in its first erection ; very little liable 

 indeed, if at all, to get out of order ; and requiring a very small 

 quantity of fuel, and very little attention, to make it do its work 

 thoroughlJ^ " George Denison. 



" Vicarage, East Brent, Somerset." 



Towards the close of last summer we had a propagating house 

 erected at our Richmond establishment, twelve yards long and four 

 wide. It is what is termed double-roofed, with glass ends, but no 

 upright glass either at the front or back. The floor is two feet below 

 the surface of the surrounding ground, and the front, back, and end 

 Avails rise to four feet above the ground upon Avhich the wood-work 

 rests. The entrance is at the south-west end. It is heated on 

 Mr. Hazard's system. The fire-place, box, &c., is erected at the 

 north-east corner. The air-drain is at the south-east corner, and the 

 bottom of it is level with the floor of the house ; it enters the fire-box 

 where the heated tubes are, and passing upwards and over the several 

 rows of tubes joins the chamber, which is over the air-drain, at the 

 north-east end, and along the front of the house to the end, where is 

 the doorway. The chamber is three feet deep and three wide ; it is 

 covered in with blue slate flags, and the brick-work being nine inches 

 higher at the inside, and eighteen at the front wall, a pit is formed, in 



