EXTHACTS. 207 



tiiough tolerable success may attend the operation when performed in Inly, 

 some prefer delaying it until the beginning of August, as by this method the 

 buds will remain dormant during the winter, and will produce more vigorous 

 shoots the following spring than those which were budded at au earlier period ; 

 the latter being liable to be injured by severe frosts, from the imperfect ripen- 

 ing of their ^oung wood, before the winter season commences. The common 

 dog-rose, transplanted from copses and hedges, any time from the middle of 

 October to the end of November, furnishes the best stocks for standard roses. 

 lu making a selection, those should be preferred which are straight and vigo- 

 rous, and they should be headed down at the time of transplanting to the 

 height reipiired. In the spring, when they begin to shoot, the superlluous 

 buds should be removed, leaving only three or four at the top to form the 

 head of the tree. As the summer advances, the stocks will require to be 

 staked, and constant attention must be paid to disbudding, and to the regu- 

 lation of the young shoots, by occasionally pinching off their tops. Early in 

 .Inly, the thorns in those parts of the young wood where it is designed to make 

 incisions for the buds, should be removed. Budding on the young wood is 

 recommended, because, by putting three or four buds on as many young 

 shoots, a handsome head will be obtained sooner than by any other method ; 

 but if these shoots be too slender, the operation may be performed upon the 

 old wood when the bark separates freely ; for, if the bark does not rise with 

 facility, owing to a deficiency of sap, there will be considerable trouble in 

 inserting the bud at all; and should that difficulty be overcome, the jiains 

 would even then be lost, for the bud would almost certainly perish from want 

 of sufficient sap to nourish it. In arid situations, or in dry summers, watering 

 the stocks copiously, for two or three weeks previously to budding them, will 

 give strength to their shoots, and ensure the bark rising (reely ; which latter 

 point is very essential towards obtaining complete success. 



In preparing the bud, it is necessary to adhere to the common practice of 

 removing the bit of wood attached to the bark, which is taken along with it 

 from the scion. Omitting to do this saves much trouble, and the unfailing 

 success atteudiug the mode has been established and confirmed by the results 

 of repeated trials. Cloudy weather, or the evening, should be chosen for 

 inserting the buds — an operation which ought never to be attempted under a 

 hot sun, or during cold east or north-east winds. The rose may be budded 

 in spring » ith complete success, if the buds are extracted with a small portion 

 of wood adhering to them. For this purpose scions are cut before winter, 

 and stuck into the ground till spring, when the bark of the stock will run. 

 To prepare the bud, a transverse incision is made in the wood, a little below 

 an eye, which incision is met by a longer cut downwards, commencing at a 

 short distance above the eye, care being taken that a portion of wood is re- 

 moved with the bark. This bud is inserted into the bark of the stock, which 

 is cut like an inverted i. ; the horizontal edges of this cut in the stock, aud of 

 the bud, must be brought into the most i>erfect contact with each other, and 

 then bound with waterproof bass, without, however, applying grafting-clay. 

 I'.ight days after the insertiou of the bud, the stock is pruned down to the 

 branch, which is immediately above the opjiosite side, and this branch is 

 stopped by being cut down to two or three eyes; all the side wood is destroyed, 

 and when the bud has pushed its fifth leaf, it is conijjelled to branch by pinch- 

 ing its extremity, and will then dower in September of the same year. 



Kotct may be propai/aled by yrajlint/ as successfully as by budding. In 

 rianders, cleft grafting is adopted, and care taken that the scion is of the 

 same diameter as tlie stock, or the cleft in the stock made sullicieutly near 

 one bide of the cross section, that the bark of the scion may fit the stock on 

 both sides. This mode is adopted for grafting one sort of garden ruse u))On 

 another. In grafting upon the dog-rose, the same practice is followed, with 

 this addition, that a shoulder is very often made to the .scion, so that it may 

 rest ttilli greater lirnniess upon the stock, such stocks often being employed as 

 standards, and therefore more exposed to wind. 'I he grafts are tied with line 

 bans, made waterjiroof, by pa.ising it first through a solution of white soaj), 

 and next tlirough one of alum, a, neutral compound being thereby formed, 

 inKolublu ill water. In this country, where the suninivi's are not nuilc so hot 

 as ill I'landirs, common graflingclay may be used. 



