116 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES. 



Papers read at the Metallurgical Congress, Liege.* — L. Descroix 

 gives a summary of these papers and the discussion which followed their 

 reading. 



" Effect of Liquid Air Temperature upon Iron, etc." — A further con- 

 tribution by E. A. Hadfield to the study of this subject, f 



11 Influence of Titanium upon Cast Iron and Steel.' 1 '' — P. Delville gives 

 an account of the work of previous investigators, and describes his 

 experiments in which titanium thermit (a mixture of oxides of iron and 

 titanium with aluminium) was added to liquid metal in the ladle. The 

 oxides are reduced, titanium passing into the metal, the temperature of 

 which is raised by the reaction. Blowholes are diminished and sounder 

 castings obtained. The effect on the chemical composition of the steel 

 is slight ; mechanical tests appear to be somewhat unproved. A notable 

 result of the addition is the elimination of nitrogen, which passes into 

 the slag as cyanide. The presence of some form of carbon favours this 

 reaction. 



" Influence of Arsenic on Cast Iron and Steely — P. Delville concludes 

 that arsenic resembles sulphur in its effect upon iron and steel. In basic 

 steel 2 As+S should not exceed 0*1 p.c. 



" Technique of Microscopic Metallography " ; " Metallographical Exami- 

 nation of Iron and Steel.'''' — The first of these articles by H. le Chatelier has 

 been noticed previously4 In the second the author points out the value 

 of metallography to the metallurgical industry. In steel of good quality 

 very little can be seen by microscopical examination. It is in defective 

 metal that the most definite structures are developed. 



" Special Steels " ; " Metallic Alloys.'" — Two papers by L. Guillet, 

 summarising his extensive researches. 



Arth, G., and Lejeune, P. — Sur un metal prehistorique trouve dans les 

 environs de Nancy. 



[Analysis, photomicrographs, etc., of amass of steel weighing about 300kg., 

 found in the earth. Carbon 1*2 p.c, silicon l - 7 p.c] 



Rev. Metallurgie, ii. (1905) pp. 789-92 (4 figs.). 



Arnold, J. O. — Steel as an Igneous Rook. 



Iron and Steel Mag., x. (1905) pp. 408-13. 



Bbilby, G. T. — Crystalline and amorphous states of metals. 



Tom. cit. pp. 419-25. 



GtJiLLET, L. — A practical and scientific study of the properties of bronzes, brasses, 

 and special copper alloys. Eng. Mag., xxix. (1905) pp. 940-2. 



Porlier, A. — Sur la composition d'un boulet en fonte des fosses de la Bastille. 



Rev. Metallurgie, ii. (1905) pp. 793-4 (1 fig.). 



Prick, M. — Frictional characteristics of bearing metal and their relation to 

 miorostructure. Eng. Mag., xxix. (1905) pp. 592-4. 



♦ Rev. Metallurgie, ii. (1905) pp. 846-58. 



t See this Journal, 1905, p. 775. % Tom. cit., p. 669. 



