ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 299 



is one renal sac, and the renal pore is on the right side ; there are three 

 hermaphrodite organs. 



Notes on Chitonidae.* — H. F. Nierstrasz gives a bibliography since 

 1898, a description of Lepidopleurus africanus sp. n., Chiton (Radsict) 

 chierchm sp. n., and Chiton (Radsia) goodalli Brod., a discussion of 

 Ischnochiton rissoi Payr. and its affinities, and a list of genera showing 

 geographical distribution. 



5. Lamellibranchiata. 



Bivalve with Two Mouths. t — Paul Pelseneer points out that in the 

 genus Lima there is a right and a left mouth, the primitive single orifice 

 being divided into two by a median coalescence of the lips. In the 

 adjacent genus, Limatula, the mouth is single as usual. 



Hinge-Plate in Aviculopecten semicostatus.t — W. Hind has 

 examined a specimen of this species (left valve) from Lower Limestone 

 series, Ayrshire, and has established a character denied for it by its 

 author, McCoy. It possesses a median cartilage pit in the centre of the 

 elongate, somewhat hollow, flattened hinge-plate. The pit is compara- 

 tively large and transverse ; the rest of the hinge-plate is feebly striated 

 longitudinally ; the posterior part of the hinge-line bears a row of erect 

 tubercles. We now know that typical Pecten characters existed in Car- 

 boniferous times, and that Aviadopecten, as at present restricted, is very 

 closely allied to Pecten, yet sufficiently distinct to merit a different 

 generic name. 



Arthropoda. 



a. Insecta. 



Treatise on Insects.§ — A. Berlese has published thirteen fasciculi of 

 an exhaustive treatise on insects. It is intended for serious naturalists, 

 as may be inferred from the fact that about 300 pages are devoted to 

 the skeletal parts. The first chapter is a short history of entomology, 

 the second deals with the size of insects, the third with the general 

 organisation of the body, the fourth with an outline of the development. 

 After the morphological part is completed, the author will discuss func- 

 tions, habits, life-histories, and relations to man. The fasciculi before 

 us are copiously and abundantly illustrated, and the text is clear and 

 thorough. But we cannot do more than welcome this important con- 

 tribution to entomology. 



Circulatory System in Insects. || — Andrei Popovici-Baznosanu has 

 studied this in larvae of Chironomus, Tanypus, and Ephemerids, and 

 comes to the following conclusions. The heart of insects is not really 

 chambered, the appearance of chambers being due to the ostial folds. 

 In larvae of Chironomus, the ostia develop from behind forwards by 

 division of the lateral cells of the heart. The " inter-ventricular valves '* 



* Tijdschr. Nederland. Dierk. Ver., x. (1906) pp. 141-72 (1 pi.). 



+ Comptes Eendus, cxlii. (1906) pp. 722-3. 



X Geol. Mag., No. 500 (1906) p. 59. 



§ Gli Insetti, fasc. 1-13 (Milano, 1906) pp. 1-392 (4 pis., 448 figs.). 



|| Jena Zeitschr., xl. (1905) pp. 667-96 (1 pi.). 



