ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 353 



pores in the thallus. Soredia are often formed at these points. The 

 algae occur in small clumps all round the thallus. Brandt studied the 

 rhizoids in one species only : they were in the form of a rosette of 

 sclerotic hyphaa. Calcium oxalate is present in a certain number of 

 forms ; in others it is wanting. A yellowish-green acid was demonstrated 

 in all the species examined, probably usnin acid. In R. scopulorum and 

 R. subfarinacea some colourless acid is found in the pith which becomes 

 yellow and then rose-red on the application of potash. 



Biological and Morphological Observations on Lichens.* — W. Zopf 

 has taken advantage of the opportunity of seeing a large collection of 

 lichens to make a series of notes. For the "group" species Evernia 

 furfuracea he creates a new genus, Pseudevernia, with six morphologically 

 and chemically distinct species. He finds difference of habitat and 

 locality marking them off from each other, and he gives especially the 

 differences between the two species P. furfuracea and P. olivetorina ; 

 the latter is a lichen found in the more mountainous localities, the 

 former is an inhabitant of the plains. He refuses to accept Elenkin's 

 finding that all the species are but forms of Evernia furfuracea. 



Lichens of Kew Gardens.! — 0. V. Darbishire has enumerated the 

 few lichens — 15 species in all — that have been found in Kew Gardens. 

 The most frequent is an imperfect form, Lepra viridis. Lecanora crenu- 

 lata is also frequently met with on limestone and building stones. 

 Cladonia is best represented with five species. 



American Lichens.J — Bruce Fink continues the examination of 

 Cladonias, and the present paper is devoted to a study of the species 

 cariosa, distinguished by splittings in the stalk of the podetia which 

 give it a latticed appearance. As a rule, Fink follows Wainio's classifi- 

 cation, but in this case the Swedish lichenologist makes cariosa the 

 representative of a compound species. Fink prefers definiteness, and 

 selects var. alpha cribosa, of Wainio, as plainly the type of the species, 

 it being by far the commonest. It is a Northern form, and is replaced 

 in the Southern States by G. miliaria. Fink includes two varieties, G. 

 cariosa corticata and C. cariosa squamulosa, and gives diagnoses and 

 descriptions. 



R. Heber Howe§ chronicles the occurrence of Ramalina rigida in 

 Rhode Island. It grows commonly on red cedar. 



Elenkin, A. — Notes lichenologiques. VI. 



[On the absorption of organic substance by the lichen thallus and on the 

 distribution of Lecanora poliophcea.'] 



Bull. Jard. Imp. Bot. St. Pitersbourg, v. (1905) pp. 121-33 (figs.). 

 See also Hedwigia, xlv. (1905) Beibl., p. 95. 



Kindeemann, Viktoe, & Rudolp Baar — Ein Kleiner Betrag zur Flechten- 

 flora Bbhmens. (A small contribution to the Lichen Flora of Bohemia.) 



SB. deutsch. Nat. Med. Ver. " Lotos " in Prag., xxv. No. 5 (1905) pp. 265-9. 



See also Hedwigia, xlv. (1906) Beibl. p. 95. 



* Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges., xxiii. (1906) pp. 497-504 (1 pi.). 



t Kew Bull, add., ser. v. (1906) pp. 102-3. 



X Bryologist, ix. (1906) pp. 21-4 (1 fig.). § Tom. cit., p. 32. 



June 20th, 1906 2 a 



