ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 355 



Paratyphoid Bacilli.* — E. Sacquepee and F. Chevrel find that the 

 bacilli of the paratyphoid group are divisible into two subclasses, known 

 as type A and type B. Both types possess many characters in common, 

 but may be readily differentiated, especially by the results obtained by 

 cultivating, on metallic media (media to which salts of various metals 

 have been added), on artichoke, and on vaccinated media. With stab 

 cultures in gelatin to which has been added 1 : 20 to 1 : 30 of the double 

 tartrate of iron and potassium, the bacilli of type B produce after 3-6 

 days a black coloration, whereas the bacilli of type A produce no change 

 of colour ; similar results occur with cultures on agar to which has been 

 added 3*5 p.c. of subacetate of lead ; with cultures on agar containing 

 1 • 5 p.c. of nitro-prussiate of soda the bacilli of type B produce within 

 2-5 days an intense green coloration, the bacilli of type A showing the 

 same reaction but more slowly and less intensely. On artichoke the 

 bacilli of type B colour the medium green within 2-3 days, those of 

 type A produce the same effect only slowly or not at all. Vaccinated 

 media were generally unfavourable to the development of the bacilli of 

 both types ; growth of the bacilli of type B is not hindered by cultures 

 •of bacilli of type A or of B. typhosus, but is hindered by cultures of 

 B. coli. 



Differentiation of Bacillus typhosus and Bacillus faecalis alcali- 

 genes.f — Piorkowski finds that the B. facalis alcaligenes may be diffe- 

 rentiated from the B. typhosus by the appearance of its growth on urea 

 gelatin, the colonies being larger and stellate and having a slimy 

 appearance. The organisms grown on this medium show great diffe- 

 rences in agglutinating reactions, and animals rendered immune against 

 B.fozcalis alcaligenes are not protected from a virulent B. typhosus. 



Tetanus Spores.J — G. Tarozzi finds that in animals inoculated with 

 ;sporing cultures of B. tetani the spores often pass into the circulation 

 and are deposited in the organs, and that cultures of B. tetani may be 

 obtained by planting portions of these organs in tubes of media. The 

 spores remain latent in some organs for as long as 3^ months. The 

 author considers that the return to activity of these collections of spores 

 explains the production of those cases of obscure origin that go by the 

 name of " rheumatic " or " spontaneous tetanus." 



Diplococcus Iguanse.§ — E. Bertarelli has isolated a diplococcus 

 which is pathogenic for the Iguana. The animal, Iguana tuberculoid, 

 was ill for two months ; at the autopsy the liver was found covered with 

 •whitish nodules ; there was fibrous adhesion of the liver to the parietal 

 abdominal wall, but, with the exception of one lymph gland, the other 

 organs were free from lesions. Cultivations were prepared on all media 

 and placed at 27°, 30° and 37°, and portions were hardened for sections. 

 The organism was isolated from culture from the liver and from the 

 gland, but cultures from the blood and spleen gave negative results ; 

 the organism grows well at 30° C, but less well at 27° and 37° C, the 

 temperature of the Iguana being 22°-25° C. On blood agar there is 



* Ann. Inst. Pasteur, xx. (1906) p. 1. 



t Centralbl. Bakt. Orig., 1«° Abt., xl. (1906) p. 437. 



X Tom. cit., p. 457. § Tom. cit., p. 458. 



2 A 2 



