ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 451 



Life-History of Trypanosoma balbianii.* — W. S. Perrin gives an 

 account of the life-cycle of this parasite of the oyster. With the ex- 

 ception of the growth of fresh individuals from the cysts, the whole 

 developmental cycle takes place in the gut of a single host. In the 

 crystalline style the Trypanosomes undergo longitudinal division as the 

 normal method of multiplication. When the style disappears, gametes 

 are formed and conjugation follows. Intra-epithelial stages in the gut 

 do not appear to occur. Transmission of the parasite appears to take 

 place by cysts alone. 



Development of Hepatomonas of Kala-azar.f — L. Rogers has suc- 

 ceeded in developing the Leishmann-Donovan body in acidified blood 

 with much more uniform results than in his earlier experiments, where 

 citrated blood was used. He has absolutely failed to find any indica- 

 tions of an undulating membrane or of the migration of the micro- 

 nucleus such as Novy and MacNeil witnessed in the development of 

 bird trypanosomes. The conclusion is arrived at, that the organism is 

 not a trypanosome, but belongs to the order Hepatomonas. A relatively 

 low temperature (22° C.) is essential to development, which would in- 

 dicate that infection is only likely to take place in India during the 

 colder part of the year. 



Sporozoon from Mucous Membrane of Human Septum nasi.J — 

 E. A. Minchin and H. B. Fantham describe Rhino sporidium kinealyi 

 g. et sp. n., from a tumour in the nose of a native patient at the Medical 

 College Hospital, Calcutta. The new parasite is an annectant form, 

 which shows marked affinities with the typical Neosporidia and also with 

 the simpler Haplosporidia. Amoeboid trophozoite stages in the sub- 

 mucous connective tissue increase in size, form cyst-walls, and give rise 

 to uninucleate pansporoblasts, each of which develops |a spore-morula. 

 In many cases the cysts burst and scatter the spore-inorulse in the sur- 

 rounding tissue. This probably represents the usual method of en- 

 dogenous reproduction. 



The order Xeosporidia should be extended to include Rhinosporidium 

 and the Haplosporidia, and may then be subdivided into (1) Cnidos- 

 poridia (Doflein), with pole-capsules in the spore (Myxosporidia sens, 

 strict., Microsporidia, and (?) Sarcosporidia) ; and (2) Haplosporidia, 

 without pole-capsules in the spore, including Rhinosporidium and other 

 forms previously referred to this section. 



Observations on Gregarines.§ — H. M. Woodcock gives an account 

 of investigations on Diplodina (Cystobid) irregularis Minch., parasitic in 

 Holothuria forskali, on D. (C.) minchinii Woodcock, from Cucumaria 

 pentactes and C. planci, and on the trophozoites of Diplocystis schneideri 

 from a new host, Periplaneta orientalis. A fairly complete account of 

 the life-history of D. irregularis is given. This species and D. minchinii 

 are quite motionless forms. Each adult is really a " couple," Diplodina 

 being a neogamous Gregarine, or one in which precocious association 



* Proc. Roy. Soc, Series B, lxxvi. (1905) pp. 368-75. 



t Op. cit., lxxvii. (1906) pp. 284-93 (1 pi.). 



t Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., xlix. (1905) pp. 521-32 (2 pis.). 



§ Op. cit., No. 197 (1906) pp. 1-100 (6 pis.). 



