ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY. ETC. 579 



animals. The author is inclined to think that the cilia are connected at 

 their point of attachment, but he has not been able to decide this 

 question definitely. 



Colouring Matter of Phseophyceae.* — M. Tswett continues his 

 researches on this subject, and in the present paper treats of the so-called 

 phycophasin and of the true colouring matter of the chromatophores of 

 Phaeophyceje. He finds that living Phasophyceaa contain no pigment 

 soluble in water — i.e. " phycophsein." Their chromatophores are tinged 

 with chlorophyllin a and 7, fucoxanthin, carotin, and fucoxanthophyll, 

 the combination of which forms the natural brown-green colour of 

 these algas. The green discoloration often met with arises from the 

 dissolution or destruction of the fucoxanthin, which is reddish-brown 

 in a fixed condition, but yellow in solution. 



Actinococcus.f — P. Heydrich has succeeded in finding the sexual 

 organs of Actinococcus peltozformis Schmitz, and gives an account of 

 them in the present paper. The material was collected in Marseilles, 

 and contained three male and two female plants. Tetrasporangia, 

 antheridia, and procarpia are described in detail and figured. The 

 carpogonia are seated inside the thallus cushion at varying depths, and 

 are apparently somewhat difficult to recognise. According to the author 

 the peculiar structure of the fruit entitles Actinococcus to a systematic 

 position in a group of its own, Actinococcales, between Nemalionales 

 and Gigartinales. The distinguishing character of the group is that the 

 carpogonium takes no part in the formation of spores, and although an 

 auxiliary cell is present, the two extra intermediate cells are wanting. 

 A resemblance is pointed out between the procarpia of Actinococcus and 

 Eleutherospora, inasmuch as in both genera the hypogynous cell bears 

 the carpogonium with the trichogyne, and in both that same cell 

 becomes the auxiliary cell, and bears the spores directly. The author 

 holds that single cushions are the result of spore germination, while 

 those which form a group are propagated by rhizoids creeping in the 

 host-plant. 



Fibres in Cladophora.J — F. Brand has established without doubt 

 the presence of fibres and fibrils in the membrane of three species of 

 Gladophora, G. hospita Kiitz, G. intertexta Collins and C. Montagnei 

 Kiitz. var. ivaianeana. Till now, the existence of fibres in the cell- 

 membrane of Gladophora has been a disputed point, but the present 

 paper settles the question. The fibres and fibrils do not cross each 

 other like the threads of linen, but pass near and over each other. For 

 the present the author can give no complete treatment of the subject, 

 but he will do so in a later work. Meanwhile, he gives a detailed 

 account of his successful method of reviving dried Gladophora material. 

 Roughly, it is as follows : soak for at least twenty-four hours in acidified 

 distilled water, then treat with Schultze's macerating solution, slightly 

 warming it the while, then for a few minutes with very strong chromic 

 acid solution ; wash, and stain with a weak solution of ruthenium red. 



*-Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xxiv. (1906) pp. 235-44. 



t Tom. cit., pp. 71-7 (1 pi.). ♦ Tom. cit., pp. 64-70 (1 pi.). 



