ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY. ETC. 583- 



spores escape by a pore. The first group includes the Morchellaceae, 

 Helvellaceae, Pezizaceae, and Ascobolaceae. Those of the second group, 

 in which the ascus opens by a pore, are the Geoglossacese, the Helotiacese, 

 and the Mollisiacese. He finds that these two great groups form twa 

 series connected with each other by transitional forms. The Morchellaceae 

 and Helvellaceae are distinguished from each other by the position of 

 the hymenium, the contents of the spores, the form and dimensions of 

 the paraphyses, and by the structure of the trama. The anatomical 

 structure of the different forms bears out Boudier's original classification. 



Pyrenomycetes of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.* — Under 

 this heading H. Eehm proposes to supplement the work done for these 

 fungi by Winter, and to examine the mass of material accumulated since 

 his day. He gives diagnoses where these are necessary, but, as a rule, he 

 only cites the literature and adds the habitat, with explanatory notes in 

 some cases. 



New Genus of African Fungi.f — Hariot and Patouillard describe a 

 remarkable fungus from East Africa, Oolletomanginia g. n., which 

 combines the characters of Helvellaceas, Hypocreaceaa, and Sphasriaceaa. 

 It forms a large, furrowed, hemispherical, hollow mass 17 cm. in 

 diameter ; the asci are inclosed in perithecia, which occur at the base of 

 the furrows. The spores are simple, black, and appendiculate. 



Origin of Yeasts.} — Paul Vuillemin discusses the bearing of Viala 

 and Pacottet's discovery on the yeast-plants. Formerly, true yeasts were 

 regarded as those which, on cultivation, produced the so-called asci and 

 endospores. The discovery that the yeast-forms of other fungi belonging 

 to the Ascomycetes also form these endospores, leads them to be regarded 

 as sporocysts, and though Saccharomyces as a genus must be preserved,. 

 its affinities must be looked for among the Fungi imperfecti. 



Cysts of Gloeosporium and their Role in the Origin of Yeasts. § 

 Viala and Pacottet continue their studies in this field of work. They 

 have produced in a suitable medium the cysts of Glaosporium ampelo- 

 pkagum, and describe them as dark-coloured, smooth, somewhat brittle, 

 and containing one or several brown spores 8-10 n in length. The cysts 

 of G. nerviseqiium are darker in colour and rough on the surface, with 

 paler and more spherical spores, 8-14 //, in diameter. 



In each species, cyst-formation is induced by desiccation, sudden 

 lowering of temperature, etc. The spores produce on germination 

 septate and variable filaments. In a sugar solution, these filaments 

 break up and begin to bud out, forming yeasts. 



Relation of Fungi imperfecti to Ascomycetes. || — H. Klebahn 

 sums up the cases in which he has proved a connection between different 

 fungi by infection experiments ; Gaomonia Uptostyla with Marssonia 



* Ann. Mycol., iv. (1906) pp. 257-72. 



t Comptes Rendus, cxlii. (1906) pp. 224-6. See also Bot. Centralbl., ci. (1906) 

 p. 652. 



% Rev. gen. Sci. pures et appliquees, xvii. (1906) pp. 214-29 (figs. 1-30). See 

 also Bot. Centralbl., cii. (1906) p. 65. 



§ Comptes Rendus, cxlii. (1906) pp. 518-20. 



|| Centralbl. Bakt., xv. (1905) p. 336. 



