ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 665 



Spermatogenesis of Honey Bee.*— E. L. Mark and M. Copeland 

 describe in detail certain phases in the development of the spermatocyte. 

 They deal particularly with the bodies termed by Meves " Richtungs- 

 korper." The first of these bodies they identify as the remnants of the 

 interzonal filaments of the previous cell-division, and term it the inter- 

 zonal body. It does not appear to be comparable with the spermatocyte 

 of ordinary spermatogenesis, and therefore not with a polar body in 

 ovogenesis. The second body results from real (though modified) 

 mitosis, and bears a striking resemblance to the polar cells of eggs. 

 There appear, however, to be difficulties in the way of exact inter- 

 pretation of the actual nature of either. 



Wings of Tenthredinoidea.t — A. D. MacGillivray has made a 

 detailed study of the wings of this superfainily of Hymenoptera. His 

 elaborate memoir is a study in the phylogeny of the group based on the 

 wings. It is an attempt to trace the course of the changes wrought by 

 natural selection, working always towards greater efficiency of venation, 

 an effort to apply the principles of descent to taxonomy. Classifications 

 based on the modifications of a single organ are generally imperfect, but 

 on no single organ of any group of animals or plants have the effects of 

 natural selection been written so clearly as on the wings of insects. The 

 record is spread out as on a printed page, and only awaits its translator. 

 The author has given us the translation of the history written on the 

 wings of the Tenthredinoidea. 



Moth Parasitic on a Sloth. $ — Arnold Spuler describes Brady- 

 podicola hahneli g. et sp. n., an interesting moth, probably referable to a 

 new sub-family within the GaUeriinae, which, according to Hahnel, lives 

 as an ectoparasite on the skin of Bradypus, — a unique mode of life to 

 which the form of the body, the limbs, and other features are adapted. 



Development of Catocala nupta.§ — J. Hirschler has studied" the 

 early stages in the development of this moth, with especial reference to 

 the origin of the mesenteron. This seems to arise from two sources : 

 its anterior and posterior portions develop from ectodermic lamellaa, its 

 median portion is due to " blood-cells," or secondary endoderm-cells. 

 The processes which lead to the formation of the lower layer represent a 

 disguised gastrulation. The lower layer is the primary endoderm, which 

 is differentiated into a median strand of vesicular cells (the secondary 

 endoderm), and two lateral portions (the mesoderm). 



Species of Elateridae.|] — E. Reitter gives a diagnostic key to the 

 species of the family Elateridas. Accompanying this is a review of the 

 characters of all the related families and sub-families comprehended 

 under the division Sternoxia of the Coleoptera. 



Myiasis of Toads. % — E. Hesse describes three cases of Bufo vulgaris 

 infected with dipterous larvas. Klunzinger has already noted two 



* Proc. Amer. Acad., xlii. (1906) pp. 103-11 (1 pi.). 



+ Proc. U.S. National Museum, xxix. (1906) pp. 569-654 (24 pis.). 



1 Biol. Centralbl., xxvi. (1906) pp. 690-7 (7 figs.). 



§ Bull. Internat. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, x. (1905) pp. 802-10 (4 figs.). 



| Verh. naturf. Ver. Briinn, xliii. (1904) pp. 3-122. 



«j[ Biol. Centralbl., xxvi. (1906) pp. 633-40 (1 pi.). 



