ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 681 



Alveolar Structure of Infusorians.* — A. Degen finds that the honey- 

 comb or alveolar structure of Glaucoma and other Infusorians is not 

 normal, but a reaction to injurious influences. It may be induced by 

 mechanical pressure, deconccntration, and many chemical reagents. 



New Chrysomonad Genus. f — R. Lauterborn describes Palatmella 



cyrtophora g. et sp. n., a new Chrysomonad related to Pedinella and to 

 Chrymmwba. 



Reproduction of Tintinnodeae.J — Hans Laackmann has studied 

 Tintinnopsu campanula and Cyttarocylis helix, and describes the be- 

 haviour of the nuclei during division, the sexual reproduction by means 

 of macro- and microspores, the process of conjugation, and the formation 

 of protective cysts. 



Modifications of Cytoplasm of Opalina.§ — J. Kunstler and Ch. 

 Oineste have studied the changes in the minute structure of Opal inn 

 when the frogs in which the Infusorians live are out of health. The 

 characteristic cytoplasmic structure disappears, and gives place to a 

 " continuous mucous substance " with a crowd of granulations. Similarly, 

 when the Infusorians are kept in salt solution all internal differentiation 

 disappears. 



Observations on Volvox. — W. Stempell has studied Volvox aureus 

 Ehrbg. ( = minor Stein). He confirm's Overton's observation as to a 

 " polar plateau " in female colonies, i.e. an area where agamic cells are 

 quite absent. It always lies at the pole which is posterior in locomotion. 

 The movement of the colony is described — it is like that of a ciliated 

 Infusorian, not a simple rolling round the water. At certain times 

 all the colonies show only parthenogonidia or parthenogenetic daughter- 

 colonies : at other times two combinations predominate, («) colonies 

 with macrogametes only, and (b) colonies with parthenogonidia and 

 microgamete bundles. There seems to be cross fertilisation. The 

 movements of the nrcrogarnetes are described, but the actual fertilisation 

 — which seems to require intense illumination — was not observed. After 

 the macrogametes of a colony are fertilised, there is a marked change in 

 the reactions to light. 



Hgemoflagellata.1T — H. M. Woodcock gives a very complete and 

 useful review of present knowledge relating to the Trypanosomes 

 and allied forms. All the more important papers published up to 

 February 1, 1906, have been considered in the compilation. Naturally, 

 Schaudinn's work receives a considerable share of attention, and his 

 results on the life-histories of Trypanomorpha noctum and Trypanosoma 

 ziemanni are fully detailed. Concerning the attempts to cultivate 

 Trypanosomes in artificial media, the author says, " It cannot be too 

 strongly insisted that this is not a zoological method of research, and 

 that the results obtained do not add to our knowledge of the parasite's 



* Bot. Zeitung, lxiii. (1905) pp. 202-26 (1 pi. and 6 figs.), 

 t Zool. Anzeig., xxx. (1906) pp. 423-8 (3 figs.). J Tom. cit., pp. 440-3. 



§ Comptes Rendus, cxliii. (1906) pp. 365-7 (2 figs.). 

 II Zool. Anzeig., xxx. (1906) pp. 535-9. 



^ Quart;. Journ. Micr. Sci., 1. Nos. 197 and 198 (1906) pp. 151-331 (65 figs, in 

 text) . 



