8 Sketch of the Geology of the Arctic Regions. 
tinues to Carp Lake, in smooth round backed hills, with precipitous. 
sides and narrow vallies between, producing spruce-pines, Banksiana 
and aspen. On Point Lake, in lat. 65°, the prevailing rocks are 
greywacke and greywacke slate; greywacke with small imbedded 
crystals of hornblende ; dark greenish transition clay slate; compact 
. earthy greenstone, containing disseminated iron pyrites. This rock 
is Strongly magnetic, and its surface is variegated with streaks of iron 
brown. In the sheltered vallies spruce firs are seen, but farther east 
where gneiss crosses the river there is no wood. North west of Cop- 
permine River, which passes through an arm of Point Lake, the 
strata belong to the transition series, alternating with primitive rocks. 
Reddish grey slate, greenish grey and clove brown slates, are among 
the varieties. 
In lat. 66°, high peaks of red granite and sienite, large beds of 
greenstone, and purplish red felspar rocky rest upon old red sand- 
e beds of torrents, intersecting the plains, are found 
fragments of reddish grey granular foliated limestone, of deep red 
sandstone, and of grey sandstone composed of grey quartz and fel- 
spar, members of the old red sandstone formation, which lies under 
coal, occasionally alternating with transition rocks. Fragments are 
seen of pale red sandstone, with circular concretions of quartz im- 
bedded ; also of dark green felspathose trap, colored by hornblende; 
of dark flesh red felspar in granular concretions, with imbedded 
patches of hornblende, and of red felspar associated with hornblende, 
containing amygdaloidal portions of prehnite. Masses occur of com- 
pact wine-yellow limestone, resembling conchoidal hornstone, alter- 
nating with thin layers of flinty slate. The plains are variegated wi 
a few small conical sand hills, ornamented by clumps of spruce trees. 
The famous Copper Mountains consist principally of trap rocks, 
imposed upon new red sandstone, or fletz limestone. The rocks 
are sometimes of felspar, colored by hornblende, approaching to 
greenstone, but generally of a dark reddish brown amygdaloid. 
Scales of native copper are disseminated through this rock. The 
mountains are interrupted by narrow vallies traversed by small 
streams. In the vallies are found native copper, trap rock associated 
with copper, green malachite, copper glance, greenish grey prehnite, 
copper crystallized in rhomboidal dodecahedrons, and prehnite asso- 
ciated with calcareous spar and native copper. North of the Copper 
Mountains, trap hills occur. The intermediate country consists of @ 
deep sandy soil, and some of the eminences are clothed with grass. 
ree nee ee ees aoe 
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