Sketch of the Geology of the Arctic Regions. 13 
8. Limestone.—All the varieties of this rock are composed of 
granular concretions loosely aggregated, and the only colors observed 
were snow white, and greenish white. The minerals which occur 
in it are small crystals of mica, augite, augite with serpentine forming 
verd-antique, precious serpentine, sphene, and titanitic iron, graphite 
or black lead. 
9. Porphyry.—But one specimen was observed, which was eurite 
porphyry, a variety of granite. 
TRANSITION ROCKS. 
1, Red and variegated sandstone, transition quartz rock, recent 
greywacke slate, drawing slate, flinty slate, and limestone. There 
are many varieties of red sandstone, and quartz rocks of which there 
are white, grey, purple, and red, in others the colors arranged in 
stripes. The white and grey hard varieties, may be considered, a 
_ transition quartz rock, the red and variegated, as transition red sand- 
stone, or recent greywacke. ‘The minerals occurring in them are 
felspar, mica, chlorite, pale rose quartz, epidote, rock crystal, schorl, 
crystals of iron glance, and red iron ore, scaly foliated iron glance, 
compact red iron ore, copper pyrites, quartz rock, quartz with mag- 
netic iron ore. 
2. Greywacke, and greywacke slate, with disseminated iron py- 
rites, are found in two or three instances. ‘Transition clay aes was 
observed only in Bouverie Island. 
3. Flinty slate, and drawing slate, with disseminated iron pytites 
were seen, but were of rare occurrence. 
SECONDARY ROCKS, 
1. Lamestone, bituminous shale, and secondary trap, flint and con- 
choidal hornstone imbedded in it. It contains various organic re- 
mains, among which, are corals, trilobites, and a species of orthocere, 
with many fossil shells. 
2. Specimens af bituminous shale were met with, but no other 
trace of the coal formation. 
3. Secondary greenstone, sometimes containing titanitic iron ore, 
sometimes iron shot and porphyritic, and at others crossed with veins 
of calcareous spar. 
