Sketch of the Mine of Pasco. 5k 
leaves, and bears a round red fruit. The second grows in the pasture 
ground, and has short white leaves. 
The employment of the population, as might naturally be supposed, 
consists entirely in mining. They are divided into two classes. The 
first includes the proprietors; and the second those who refine that por- 
tion of metal obtained by the miners and which they work by shares, 
called huachacas, and also that which some others get by fraud. The 
immorality observed in every mine of Peru, is owing to the indifferent 
education our ancestors have given us; in consequence of the facility 
with which we obtain the necessaries of life, there is very little re- 
gard for silver. 
Jealousy, intoxication, assassinations, &c. are the vices most com- 
mon in mines; this is the reason why the vast estates of the proprie- 
tors, and the emoluments which they acquire from time to time, are 
consumed ; they often throwing the blame upon the miners, of whose 
faults they are themselves, for the most part, the cause, and not charg- 
_ ing it to their own bad management; losing in this manner, the credit 
and confidence of those who could be useful to them. Nevertheless, 
there are persons to be found, worthy, as respects their conduct and 
untiring perseverance. 
Geological Description. 
Geology, which has for its object, the knowledge of the different 
estrial strata of which our globe is composed, is of the greatest 
importance to the mineralogist, since in proportion to the know 
he has of this subject, he can with more facility carry on a work with 
advantage, and with more or less certainty. 
The layers of which our planet is composed, are divided by geolo- 
gists into four classes; the primitive, secondary, transition and allu- 
vial. The first is distinguished by their not containing remains of 
organical series, and because they are composed of crystals deposited 
confusedly, and they occupy the most interior part of the globe as 
far as we know. — The transition lies upon the primitive, and contains 
the earliest vestiges of animals and plants, and consequently belongs 
io a previous creation. ‘The secondary contains vast quantities of the 
remains of ahimals and vegetables, and lies almost always upon the 
transition, and generally in horizontal strata. The alluvial is com- 
posed of the ruins of the primitive, transition and secondary soils, 
and contains frequently remains of amphibious animals and fish ; 
they lie upon the secondary, and sometimes upon “the primitive. 
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