Skeich of the Mine of Pasco. 59 
engines, and then it bears the name of fly’s wing. On the West of 
the mine, at the distance of three leagues, is the insulated chain of 
Raco, in the form of a cylinder mutilated at the top ; it is composed 
of a fine grunstein, with crystals of amphibole: it is very hard, and 
of a bluish color, with black spots. This rock is the same with that 
found in a considerable stratum in the grés, at the ascent of Pigcha- 
ca, on the road Pinchos, and Chalaya, road to Tussy. The mill- 
stones of the engines, on the river of Quinlachoca, are of this stone. 
Manner of working the Mines, and extracting the Metals. 
The mines of Yaurichocher, (the proper name is ridge of St. Ste- 
phen, of Lauricocha,) were discovered about the year 1630, by an 
Indian, called Huari Capacha, a shepherd of the estate of Paria, to 
which this tract of land belongs. As he was one evening feeding 
his flocks, in Santa Rosa, he made a fire to warm himself, and at 
the same time to prepare his scanty meal ; the stones he collected for 
the hearth, and those at the bottom, siti and he discovered 
threads of silver. Being pleased with this phenomenon, he went im- 
mediately to the town of Pasco, two leagues distant, which at that 
time was the seat of the mine, and all its inhabitants worked in the 
chain of Colquijirea, celebrated for its numerous and rich metals. 
The discoverer spoke to D. Joseph Ugarte, showing him the stones 
he had picked up; this man set out for the place, and convinced of 
the truth of the accounts of the native, began to work in St. Rosa, 
and was exploding with the greatest success. On hearing of his 
mines, many resorted thither, and among them, D. Martin Retuerto, 
who worked the mine of Lauricocha, making the first excavation in 
it. D. Joseph Miguel Maiz, in 1740, bought of the heirs of Retu- 
erto, this same mine, and directed an excavation to the same part, 
concluding it in 1760. Maiz, who undertook it, obtained the favor 
of styling himself “ Marquis of the Royal Confidence,” and op vintit 
of a great quantity of quicksilver, he 
the Cajas, and faithfully fulfilled his engagements. When it was 
Known that the metals were rich and productive, the Salcedos 
came from Puno, to work in Yaurichoca and Pariajurca ; this pro- 
perty afterwards fell to the family of the Arrietas. All the mines 
produced thousands and thousands of marks, extracted solely from 
the Pacos. But when the steam engines were introduced, in the 
year 1816, by a famous contract between the Messrs. Abadia, Aris- 
