60 Sketch of the Mine of Pasco. 
mandi y el gremio or, and the corporation of miners, they began to 
make deeper excavations, and find the rich pavonine ores, the pol- 
vorillas, and native silver, and while they were making the three 
machines of Yaurichoca, St. Rosa, and Caya, there was considera 
ble profit, although they did not dig more than fifteen yards below 
ihe excavation of St. Judas, where there ought to have been forty, 
according to the contract. ‘The drain of the mines of the ridge was 
made by an excavation, and a machine now totally in ruins. The 
excavation begins from the Lake of St. Judas; it has an opening of 
about four hundred yards, and afterwards continues under ground ; 
in Portachuelo, it divides into two branches, one .of which goes to 
Champianca, towards the East, and the other from Yaunancanca to 
the North. The eastern branch runs along near the mines of Trini+ 
dad, Descubridora, St. Augustin, &c. as far as the church of Champe- 
marea; the northern range, passes by St. Philip, Caya, and goes cy 
nedr the church of Yanachanca ; but in reality, the greater wt/ pre- 
eipitates into Chucarillo. The excavation is about two yaids wide, 
and two and a half high, its length is from twelve hundred to four- 
teen hundred yards, to the portachuvelo; this work has cost the 
miners more than one hundréd thousand dollars ; Don Viente, Ami- 
visea y Don Bernado Cardenas, were promoters of it, in 1780, and 
it was finished in 1800; but its branches continued to be worked 
until the year 1807, by the Messrs. Maiz, Alverez, and Cordero. 
Upon the excavation of St. Judas, is the sky-light of St. Rosa, which 
has about forty yards to the excavation ; this has been dug by the 
company, twenty yards below the surface of the excavation ; but on 
account of the éxcessive hardness of the soil, in which twelve men 
could only dig half a yard a month, they could not finish the forty 
yards of contract, and were obliged to fill up six yards, and at twelve 
they drew a rasgo for the mines near the Cumbreera, of Yauricocha- 
This rasgo is about a yard and a half wide in some places, in others 
less, and about a yard and a quarter high. Owing to bad manageé- 
ment they lost four or five yards of its level, and for this reason the 
waters do not reach the mine Descubridoria, or St. Augustin, &c- 
for some'days, With this rasgo the rich mines of St. Catalina were 
drained, but in proportion. The company of miners observing that 
the excavation of the mineral was expensive, and that the excava- 
tion was not sufficient, they took in hand that of Quinlachoca, which 
has its origin in the lake of the same name. This all important 
work, which will make the Peruvians happy, has met with a thou- 
