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CLASSIFICATION OF EUROPEAN ROCKS. 



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Superior Strat- 

 ified or Fossil- 



IFEROUS. 



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1. Alluvial Group - - - Detritus of various kinds produced by actual causes. Co- 



ral Islands, Stalagmitical incrustations. Peat bogs, 

 &c. 



2. Diluvial Group Transported boulders and blocks; gravels on mountains, 



hills, and plains, which actual causes tend to destroy. 



3. Lowest Great ) The various rocks known as tertiary; characterized by 

 , INIaminiferous 3 ^ great abundance of terrestrial, marhie, and fresh- 

 water remains, some of which approach, and others re- 

 semble, those now existing. 



4. Cretaceous Group - Chalk, green-sand, and Wealden rocks; the latter per- 

 haps a local variety of marine formation. 



Rocks usually known as the Jura limestone or oolite for- 

 mation, including lias. 



rrobable appearance of Man and tlic Mon- 

 key Tril)e, according to existing informa- 

 tion. 



Valleys cut in previously horizontal, or 

 cracked strata ; njodification of the ante- 

 rior forms of mountain and valley. 



First appearance of any abundance of mam- 

 Hiifcrous animals in the ascend'ng series. 



5. Oolitic Group - - - - 



6, Red Sandstone 

 Group 



Infehior Strat- 

 ified, or NoN- 



L FOSSILIFEROUS. 



Ujvstratified Rocks 



7. Carboniferous 

 Group 



8. Grauwacke Group 



9. Lowest Fossilifer- 

 ous Group 



No determinate or- 

 der of superposi- 

 tion 



1. Volcanic Group - - 



2. Trappcan Group - - 



3. Serpentinous Group 



4. Granitic Group - - - 



Variegated marls (Marnes Irisies Keuper)^ Muschelkalk, 

 New Red Sandstone {Gr^s Bigarri^ Eunter Smid- 

 stein)y Zechslein, Exeter Red Conglomerate {Grts 

 Rouge, Rathe Todte Liegende.) 



Coal-measures. Carboniferous limestone. 



Last appearance, in the ascending series, ot 



Ammonites and Belemnitos. 

 Great abundance of Ammonites and iJelem- 



nitcs ; last appearance of Bclemnites in 



the descending series. 

 First appearance, in any abundance* of Sau- 



rians in the ascending series. 



Old Red Sandstone, GrauwackCj Grauwacke 

 Grauwacke clay slates. 



Snowdonian Slates. Tintag^l Slates, &c. 



Talcose Slate. 

 Clay Slate. 

 Flinty Slate. 

 Micaceous Slate. 



Abundance of vegetable remains, Encrinilcs 

 and Producta^ common in the limestone, 

 limestones, Trilobites common. 



Organic remain*? rare. 



It would seem that the superior slralificd 

 may, from various circumstances, a^jsinnc 

 tbc appearance of the inferior stratilied 

 rocks. 



Gneiss, &c. &c. 



Ancient and Modern lavas, Trachyte, Basalt, &c. 

 Greenstone, Basalt, Porphyry, Amygdaloid, Stc. 

 Serpentine, Dlallage Rock. 

 Granite, Syenite, Porphyry, &c» 



The trappcan and granitic rocks so pass into 

 each other, that they can often be consid- 

 ered only as modifications of tlio same suH- 

 stances. 



