Springs and Artificial Fountains. ' 269 



18. The secondary mountains and their form of superposition, 

 allow the waters to penetrate to niuch greater depths, than the primi- 

 tive mountains. 



19* They follow, in secondary formations the dip, more or less 

 inclined, of the beds or strata of their different formations. 



20. The waters of these formations are those which present the 

 greatest varieties in their character. It is, in fact, in these formations 

 that are found the greatest number of the mineral and thermal springs, 

 and the saline and gaseous waters. 



21. These waters although issuing from secondary formations, do 

 not always appertain to them, and many of them probably proceed from 

 primordial formations, which are situated below them. It is to these 

 formations that it is proper to refer the waters of Cambo, in the Bos- 

 ses Pyrenees j of Vicky, of Bourbon PArchamboud, of Neris, de- 

 partment d'Allien ; of Bourbon Lancy, department of the Saone et 

 Loire of Cramsoc, Sansoi, in Aveyron, of Bagneres de Bigorne, 

 Hautes Pyrenees ; of Ussat, near Tarascon, Ariege ; of Bagnoles, 

 near Mende, Lozene ; of Leuxeuil, near Vesoul, Haute Saone, and 

 Plombieres, near Remiremont, in Vorges, &:c. 



22. Fresh water, of a good quality and very abundant, is also 

 found In these formations, which issue from the earth w^ith impetuosi- 

 ty, and often present this peculiarity ; tliat they spout up in the vicinity 

 of gaseous, mineral and thermal waters, and that they often flow to- 

 gether, through the same aperture, although it is very certain, they 

 have their origin In different formations. This phenomenon is very 

 frequent m those countries where saline springs exist, and it is some- 

 times very difficult to separate the springs of fresh and saline waters. 



23. The Alpine calcareous mountains, those of calcaire jurassique 

 (limestone of the Jura ; transition Limestone) and the depositions 

 which cover their base, contain, like the primary, very different wa- 

 ters as to their nature, quality and temperature. 



24. We find abundant fresh water, often forming very strong and 

 rapid currents, which give existence to certain remarkable springs, 

 such as those of Vaucluse, of Laise, of TOrbe, &:c. 



25. We find mineral and gaseous, thermal and sahne springs, such 

 as those of Campagne, near Limaux Aude of Saint Felix de Bab- 

 neres, near Condat, Lot ; of Aix, Bouchede, Rhone ; of Greou, 

 near Digne, Basse-Alpes, of Balaruc, near Montpellier, Herault 5 of 

 Bourbonne les Buns, Haute Marine; of Chateau Salins, Salins in 

 Meurthe and gura ; of Paugues in Nie\Te ; of Paint Amond near 



Valenciennes, Nord, he. kc. 



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