188 Additional Objections to Redfield’s Theory of Storms, 
may also infer that bodies are carried aloft by the joint action of 
the electrical attraction, and the vertical blast which it produces: 
83. The effects upon the leaves of trees noticed by me after 
the tornado of New Brunswick in 1835, and still more those sub- 
sequently observed by Peltier after that of Chatenaye in 1839; 
cannot be explained without supposing them to have been - 
medium of an electric discharge.* 
84, When a convective discharge takes place between a stra- 
tum of air in proximity to the earth and a stratum in the region of 
the clouds, the greater density and pressure of the lower stratum, 
will cause the discharge to. take place in a vertical direction. 
85. Any heat imparted to air in rising from the terrestrial sur- 
face to the region of the clouds, by the condensation of aqueous 
vapor, being applied to the upper part of the column and render- 
ing it as much taller as lighter, cannot speedily make its total: 
weight less than that of the surrounding air, and must therefore 
be insufficient to cause any violent change, like'those which con- 
stitute tornadoes or hurricanes, as argued by Mr. Espy. More- 
over the process on which so much stress has been laid by this in- 
genious meteorologist, cannot generate rain storms during which _ 
the rain freezing as it falls, the temperature of the lower stratum 
is shewn to be below the freezing point of water, while that of 
the upper stratum, within which water condenses in the liquid 
form, must be above that point. 
86. Were the causes assigned by Espy odicpaah to create a 
tornado or hurricane, a-storm of this kind would exist incessantly 
in the vicinity of the equator, where in consequence of the never 
ceasing ascent of warm moist air from the ocean, that afflux of 
this fluid from neighboring regions takes place, to which the 
trade winds are attributed. 
87. Experience has demonstrated that electricity cannot exist 
on one side of an electric, without its existence simultaneously 
on the other side. If the interior af a hollow globular electric 
be neutral .so will the outside be; but if the interior be either 
positively or.negatively electrified, the» outside will be found in 
the one case positive, in the other negative. 
88. The atmosphere is.an electric in a hollow globular form, 
ee ee the en ee 
* af Soe this Jue, Vol xxxvull, p. 80, 
