176 Association of American Geologists and Naturalists. 
from which both it and the neighboring bituminous coal have 
been chiefly derived. From the position of the coke beds, as 
compared with those of the bituminous coal, and the frequent 
interlamination of the two, he proves that the non-bituminous 
character of the former could not have arisen from the effects of 
heat on a seam of bituminous coal, but must be ascribed to the 
thorough carbonization and desiccation of the vegetable matter 
before it was sealed in by the overlying strata. 
Prof. W. B. Rogers communicated a paper “on the Connec- 
tion of Thermal Springs in Virginia with Anticlinal Axes and 
Faults.” In this paper he gives a list of more than thirty ther- 
mal springs, having an excess of temperature over the ordinary 
constant springs of the neighborhood of from two to nearly sixty 
degrees, comprising all the distinctly thermal waters which he 
has thus far met with in Virginia. These are all situated in the 
Appalachian belt, and without an exception issue on or near the 
line of an anticlinal axis or a Jault—or near the contact of the 
Appalachian with the Hypogene rocks. Prof. R. laid much stress 
on the fact that the warmest of these springs were generally those 
which issued from the lowest formations. Accompanying the 
paper were a series of short sections, illustrating the appa 
position of a number of the most interesting of these spri 
Prof. W. B. Rogers communicated a paper entitled « Obser 
vations on Subterranean ‘Temperature made in the mines of east- 
ern Virginia.” In this paper Prof. R. gives the results of obser- 
vations with the thermometer at depths varying from one hun- 
dred to nearly eight hundred feet, all indicating an increase of 
temperature down wands: Some of these resaite:peduaied under 
favorable circumstances, he considers sufficiently accurate to wat- 
rant an inference as to the rate of increase of the temperature. 
with the depth in this region. These, it is believed, are the first 
observations of the kind made in the United States, and, if we 
it those of Humboldt in Mexico, the first in North America. 
' Prof. H. D. Rogers offered some remarks on the influence of 
Pyrites on the heat of the strata. 
- Hitchcock: read a paper entitled “Notes on the Geology 
of some parts of Western Asia, derived principally from the Amer- 
iean on of om and exhibited numerous specimens in iliustra- 
3 App o 
