282 DISCOVERY REPORTS 



each palatine, with two or three larger ones anteriorly ; vomerine teeth present or absent ; 

 a patch of minute teeth on each pterygoid. Eye of moderate size. Second suborbital more 

 or less enlarged. No pseudobranchiae ; gill-openings very wide; gill-rakers long, com- 

 paratively few in number. Scales present or absent. Serial photophores in two rows on 

 each side of the abdomen, or with the upper row irregularly arranged on the side of the 

 body. Dorsal 11-17. Anal 22-31 ; origin opposite to or in advance of that of dorsal. 



Four species. 



Synopsis of the Species 



I. Second suborbital greatly enlarged, covering the entire cheek ; vomer without teeth ; body com- 

 pletely covered with scales. i. denudatum 



II. Second suborbital moderately enlarged, not nearly covering cheek; vomer with a pair of conical 

 teeth ; scales, if present, only developed on anterior and posterior parts of body, and in associa- 

 tion with photophores. 



A. Origin of anal very little in advance of dorsal ; adipose fin present ; dorsal with 13 to 16 rays. 



1. Eye 6^- to 7I in head ; anal with 29 to 31 rays ; photophores conspicuous, arranged in two 

 longitudinal series placed close together near the abdomen. 2. elofigatum 



2. Eye 7^ to 9 in head ; anal with 22 to 24 rays ; photophores very indistinct, the upper series 

 irregular and situated on side of body. 3. bathyphilum 



B. Origin of anal well in advance of that of dorsal ; dorsal with 1 1 rays. 4. gracile 



Gonostoma brevidens (Kner) Steindachner, and G. raoulensis, Waite, both belong to 

 the genus Vinciguerria. 



Gonostoma denudatum, Rafinesque. 



Gonostoma denudatum (-a), Rafinesque, 1810, Ind. itt. Sicil. p. 65; Bonaparte, 1841, Icon. Faun. 

 Ital. (27), Indice (4) and (138), fig.; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1849, Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxu, 

 P- 376; Johnson, 1862, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) x, p. 279; Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish, v, p. 391 ; 

 1 887, Deep-sea Fish, ' Challenger ', p. 1 72 ; Vaillant, 1 888, Exped. Sci. ' Travailleur ' et ' Talisman ', 

 Poissons, p. 102; Moreau, 1891, Hist. Nat. Poiss. France, Suppl. p. 79; Goode and Bean, 1895, 

 Ocean. Ichth. p. 98, fig. 116; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, Bidl. U.S. Nat. Mus. XLVii (i), p. 579 ; 

 Brauer, 1906, ' Valdivia' Tiefsee-Fische, p. 73, fig. 26; Sanzo, 1912, Mem. R. Com. Talass. Ital. 

 IX, p. I, figs.; Jespersen and Taning, 1926, Rep. Danish Ocean. Exped. 1908-10, u. A, 12, 

 p. 4, figs. 



Gasteropelecus acatiturus, Cocco, 1829, Giorn. Sci. Lett. Sicilia, xxvi, p. 145. 

 Gonostomus acanthurus, Cocco, 1838, N. Ann. Sci. Nat. 11, p. 163. 



St. 288. 21. viii. 27. 00° 56' 00" S, 14° 08' 30" W. Young-fish trawl, 250 (-0) m. : 5 specimens, 

 28-45 mm. 



St. 293. 24. viii. 27. 4° 18' 15" N, 16° 51' 00" W. Young-fish trawl, 100-120 (-0) m. : 3 specimens, 

 35-40 mm. 



St. 295. 25. viii. 27. 5° 30' 30" N, 17° 45' 00" W. Young-fish trawl, 2500-2700 m. : i specimen, 

 30 mm. 



St. 296. 26. viii. 27. 8° 12' 00" N, 18° 49' 00" W. Young-fish trawl, 450-500 (-0) m. : i specimen, 

 50 mm. 



Depth 5 J to 6 in the length, length of head about 4. Snout about as long as eye, 

 diameter of which is 4^ (young) to 5 1 in length of head and about equal to interorbital 



