176 ON THE CULTURE OF CALCEOLARIAS. 



the turf is broken and rotten. The leaf soil and heath-mould 

 should also be frequently turned and cleaned, and the whole should 

 be used rather dry, and mixed when it is wanted. 



The next head is the Winter Management. 



All the plants of both classes intended to be preserved through 

 winter should be taken up out of the flower-garden (when any are 

 grown there) and potted in as small pots as they can be got into 

 and with those that have been in pots through summer, and the 

 young plants raised from cuttings in August, must be protected 

 from severe frost, in flue pits or the Greenhouse. At the time of 

 removal into winter quarters every dead leaf must be picked off, 

 the pots clean washed, the moss cleared off the surface, and a little 

 fresh earth put on. All straggling branches should be trimmed 

 and tied up, and a good syringing given to the shrubby species 

 more especially. As at the same time most of the inmates of the 

 greenhouse will be taken in, it is desirable to fill the house with 

 tobacco smoke, at least twice, which will generally be found to de- 

 stroy all the green flies or aphides on the plants at this season. I 

 may here remark that there is nothing so destructive to the her- 

 baceous species as the green fly. I have known hundreds of plantt 

 lost by their pernicious attacks. Particular care must, therefore, 

 be taken at all times of the year against this pest. In placing 

 these plants in the greenhouse, the herbaceous species should be 

 placed near the glass, be sparingly watered, and have abundance of 

 air given on all favourable days. The shrubby species will require 

 rather more water, but the management is the same as to giving air. 



A little fire will be required in very severe and long-continued 

 frost ; but to a certain extent, it is not so injurious as is generally 

 imagined. When the thermometer indicates 34° inside the house 

 early in the evening, fire should then be diligently applied to pre- 

 vent it lowering any further ; as the season advances, attention 

 must be paid to watering, smoking, re-potting, and increasing by 

 division, cuttings, and seeds. 



Summer Management. — These plants are well adapted to plant 

 out in the flower-garden in masses or beds, and if judiciously done 

 will be found highly ornamental, especially the shrubby species. 

 The beds must be enriched with rotten leaves and dung, and if not 

 already of a sandy nature, should be made so, by adding sand 

 pretty freely ; when the beds are ready choose a cloudy still day, 



