1815.] Intellectual Functions of Man and Animals. 123 
’ fibrils of nerves on which ganglia are formed belong to impeded 
sensation or impeded (involuntary) motion; for, in the ganglia, 
many nervous fibrils are seen running over the whole length of the 
ganglion, and forming no involvement with it. This circumstance 
of there being two kinds of ganglia will be found to obviate many 
difficulties which have hitherto attended the physiology of these 
bodies. 
The leading heads, then, of this new system of the intellectual 
functions are as follows :— 
1. That the nerves of sensation arise in the organs of sense, and, 
by means of the anterior fibrils, terminate in the anterior columns 
of the spinal marrow. 
2. That those nerves of sensation which do not terminate in these 
columns, pass directly to the cerebrum. 
3. That the anterior columns of the spinal marrow terminate also 
in the anterior part of the cerebrum. 
4. That these nerves and columns are the sensitive or ascending 
nerves and columns. 
5. That it is in this way that sensation becomes perception, and 
that are excited in the cerebrum the faculties analysed by Gall and 
Spurzheim. 
6. That the cerebral influence passes to the cerebellum by means 
of the corpora striata posteriora or thalami, the anterior peduncles of 
the cerebellum, &c. 
7. That the cerebellum is the organ which gives impulse to all 
muscular motion, voluntary and involuntary. 
$. That the posterior columns of the spinal marrow originate in 
the cerebellum. 
9. That from the cerebellum arise also several nerves of volition. 
10. That those nerves of volition which do not arise directly 
from the cerebellum, spring from the posterior columns of the 
spinal marrow by means of the posterior fibrils. 
11. That these nerves and columns are the motive or descending 
nerves and columns. 
12, That as there are two great encephalic organs, two anterior 
and two posterior columns of the spinal marrow, and two series of 
nerves, so there are two series of ganglia—ganglia on the sensitive 
and ganglia on the motive nerves. 
13. That the intensity of the intellectual functions is as the 
Jength of their organs, and the permanence of these functions as 
the breadth of their organs. 
I believe that not one of these statements were ever made by any 
one before they were made either here or elsewhere by myself; but 
should any of them have been previously made on any rational 
ground, | shall feel no pain in resigning the merit or demerit of 
their discovery to its proper author. Still less, of course, has the 
general system which I now advance been thought of by any one. 
‘It appears, then, that there is a species of circulation in the 
nervous system, of which I have sketched the general course, as 
curious and admirable as that which exists in the wascular (the 
