1815.J Scientific Intelligence. 307 
Fig. | shows the valve as supposing the cylinder to be slit open 
and laid flat, and which may be supposed to be three bags, a, 0, 
and c, the latter of which is here divided: one side of each bag is 
fixed to the side of the cylinder, and the edges of each bag meet, 
or are even allowed to lap over each other, to be certain of their being 
in contact. The opposite side of the bag to that fixed to the sidé of 
the cylinder is not so deep, as seen at d, with a small projection or 
looseness of substance in the centre of each. Indeed, the three 
parts must be made a trifle more than sufficiently large to fill the 
diameter of the tube, as it will thereby be strengthened, and be more 
able to surround and inclose any foreign substance that may happen 
to stop between it, and not be so liable to be stretched. 
Now when the water rises in the pump by the action of the piston, 
which has another valve of the same construction attached to it, the 
bags of the lower valve contract and become empty, and allow the 
water to pass freely; while those of the upper valve in the piston 
are full and distended, and put on the appearance of fig. 2, and 
vice versa. 1 proved in one of my experiments the great utility of 
these valves over those in general use. I put a quantity of sticks, 
straws, &c. into the water, and observed that on the action of the 
iston a large piece stuck between the valve, but it so completely 
inclosed it that not a drop could possibly escape. This happened 
several times, and as often was it perfectly secure. 
The astonishing strength it possessed was beyond what I should 
have conceived. For the trial of this I inversed the valve in the 
piston ; and after raising it, [ did not possess sufficient muscular 
power to burst or even displace either of the valves, though only 
luted to the sides of the cylinder by a strong gum water, which of 
course became after a time dissolved. 
From the little [ have seen of its operation, I am persuaded that 
its erection on a large scale, with proper materials (whether leather 
would answer the purpose 1 am not competent to decide), would be 
attended with infinite benefit and utility to mankind. 
Jam, Sir, your most obedient; 
Helston, Sept. 1, 1815, M. Moxie: 
IV. Regulations for the Examination of Apothecaries. 
The Court of Examiners chosen and appointed by the Master, 
Wardens, and Assistants, of the Society of Apothecaries, of the 
City. of London, in pursuance of a certain Act of Parliament, 
* Bor hetter Regulating the Practice of Apothecaries throughout 
England and Wales,” passed in the 55th year of the reign of his 
we King George the Third, has determined : 
That every person who shall be admitted to an examination for a 
certificate to practise as an apothecary, shall be required to produce 
Testimonials of having served an apprenticeship of not less than: 
five years to an apothecary ; of having attained the full age of 21 
years, and being of a good moral conduct, 
v2 
