1815.] Analyses of Booh. 37<| 



general, he calls those tracheae arteilrs, which we have distin- 

 guished by tlje name of pulmonary tracheae. The arterial trachete 

 of Lyonnet are the same as ours, and, in fact, no others exist in 

 caterpillars. It may be proper to ol)serve, that the two orders of 

 tracheae do not always exist ; but tiie arterial are never wanting. 

 Perhaps in the species in which we see only arterial trachea;, the 

 parts require a speedy impression from the air. 



{To be continued.) 



Article XI. 

 Analyses ok Books, 



I. Researches into ike Physical History of Man. By James Cowlcs 

 Prilchard, iM.b. F.L.S. of Trinity College, Oxford ; Fellow of 

 the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh, and of the 

 Medical Society of London; and extraordinary Member of the 

 Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh. London, J. and A. Arch, 

 1S13. 



The physical liistory of man presents a field not less interesting 

 than unexplored, yet Dr. Pritchard is the first who has exhibited it 

 in a connected shape. By assembling togetlier the most important 

 facts Hie has been enabled to deduce general conclusions of consi- 

 derable moment, some of which are so very remarkable as to ex- 

 cite something more than common surprise. The naturalists of all 

 times have overlooked, whimsically enough, the history of our own 

 species, and have devoted the whole of their attention to inferior 

 animals. Yet in the course of their researches they have deve- 

 loped certain general principles, which may he applied to all 

 parts of animated nature. The particular :ip])lication of these 

 principles to the human race appears to have been first made by 

 Dr. Pritchard, although the subject has occasionally and casually 

 engaged the attention of speculative philosophers, from the days of 

 Aristotle to those of M. dc Butfon. As it might naturally \ye 

 expected, a thousand crude conjectures have supplied the place of 

 accurate observations and reasonings. It it needless to repeat them 

 licre ; it may suffice that, in general, the ancients considered the 

 human race to be of one species, and ascribed every variation in 

 point of form and colour to the eH'ccts of climate, the particular 

 examples of which are ahundantly ludicrous, 'i he same opinion, 

 variously modified, b.ss been maintained by many moderns; but 

 with most remarkable eloquence by Count de Bulfon, in. his 

 Histoire Naturelle. This last named naturalist, however, did not 

 possi-ss a store of facts to resolve the didiculties that press on his 

 peculiar modification of tin's hypothesis. Lord Kamcs stands at the 

 head of another set of philosophers who maintain that niankind 

 have sprung from various stocks, and that each [);irticul:ir race is 

 especially adapted by I'rovidenec to the region in wliicii they exist. 



