IS 1 4.] Population of Russia. 261 



make a sum total of 1,696,58C persons. But these enumerations 

 being made 20, 30, 50 years after the first revision, it is possible 

 that the population may have increased or diminished during the 

 interval. If we compare these data with the enumeration made in 

 1805, we shall find that Finland, in 49 years, has gained 64,392 

 inhabitants ; Esthland, in 31 years, 36,948 ; and Livonia, 

 138,097 : making a sum total of 239,437. The population in the 

 provinces surrounding the Baltic, then, has gained about i-th during 

 the latter half of the eighteenth century. If we compare the 

 population of Little Russia above stated with that -of the govern- 

 jnents of Tschernigow and Pultawa, we find in 1804 a surplus of 

 1,465,465 individuals above the enumeration of 1768. According 

 to this statement the population has more than doubled during the 

 last 50 years. This result corresponds very well with the observa- 

 tions made on the registers of births and deaths, that the progress of 

 population is very slow in the Baltic provinces, and very rapid in 

 Little Russia. It has gained of late especially by the commerce of 

 Odessa, the price of land has risen considerably, and even the fer- 

 tile steppes have been cultivated. 



If we admit the same proportion in the progress of population in 

 these provinces during the first half of the eighteenth century, 

 which is certainly admitting a great deal, we must deduce from the 

 above stated population of the Baltic provinces one-fourth, and there 

 will remain 555,919; and one-half of the population of Little 

 Russia, in 1768, leaving 47756I4. According to this statement the 

 population of all the provinces acquired after 1722 may be estimated 

 at 1,033,533. 



It remains for us to determine what may have been the number of 

 free persons not included in the revision. As at the last revision, of 

 1796, there were 16 millions of males included in the list of those 

 that paid the direct impost for one million that did not pay, we may 

 suppose that at the first revision, in which the number of revision- 

 aries was five millions, there were 300,000 male freemen, making 

 with their wives the number of 600,000. 



According to these calculations, the probable population of 

 Russia in 1722 will be 



Revisionaries 1 1,589,859 



Free individuals 600,000 



Conquered provinces 1,033,533 



13,223,392 



The author of the essay on the commerce of Russia (Le Clerc), 

 a work publiNhcd in 1777» states the population at 14 millions: 

 Hermann, at the same. This number is probable ; but when 

 Voltaire reckons the population during the last years of Peter the 

 Great at IK millions, he confounds a latter period with the time of 

 that monarch. It appears to me that 14 millions is the most pro- 

 bable number, if we consider the imperfection inseparable from a 



