1S14.] and on Vegetation. 103 



in the temperature of the earth at the same height above the level 

 of the sea. The nature of the vegetation, however, appears fully 

 to correspond with this difference. This can be observed with more 

 ease, as scarcely in any other place can the regular diminution of 

 vegetation be found so exact as along the north coast of the Gulph 

 of Bothnia. Thus the difference between the flora of Upland and 

 Lapland is very striking. Of the 642 perfect plants around Upsala, 

 31-8 are wanting in Lapland; while, on the other hand, of the 

 500 Lapland plants, 134 are wanting at Upsala. Hence in a 

 journey to the north every second plant appears for the last time, 

 and every fifth plant is new. As these changes in fact take place 

 only gradually, it is obvious that there must be a great number both 

 of northern and southern limits of plants, which" will pur it in our 

 power to judge of the climate. We cannot, however, assign the 

 limit where a plant appears for the last time; because that often 

 depends upon accidental circumstances, but only the place where it 

 ceases to he general. On that account scarce plants are not proper 

 for such determinations. 



Of the plants which grow round Upsala, the following are 

 wanting in Dal-elf ;~— Anemone pulsatitla, delphinium consolidum', 

 tnnlampysum cristuium, artemisia campestris, leonurus eardiaca, 

 cynoglossum ( : [}kinule, phalaris phleoides, primus spindsa, mespilus 

 cotoneaster. 



On the other hand, the following plants grow here, which do 

 not make their appearance farther north. The Oak, accidentally as 

 far as Tabodurna. The great oaks in the islands of the river 

 Toslebo, near Starbron, in the parish of Hille, are indebted for 

 their flourishing state to local advantages. The eentaurea scubiosa 

 appears very seldom farther north. Here also appear for the last 

 time rhamnus catkarcticus, Crataegus oxyacantha, ornitho°allum 

 I ut cum. 



Other circumstances show the difference of climate between 

 da and the mouth of the river Dal. When in spring the fields 

 round Upsala are become free from snow, we still find sledge roads 

 at Tverp. hi the latter place the winter seed was already above 

 ground in the end of August, at a time when they were scarcely 

 thinking of sowing it at Upsala. 



C'ffle; N. lot. 6075°, 



( iood springs are uncommon here. The Sorhykdlla indeed gives 

 out a sufficient quantity of water, but the place where it issues but 

 of the earth is not sufficiently distinct. It was, on the 1'Oth June, 

 42*4 i'; en the 23d August, 46*58 . 



I was shown likewise an excellent spring a quarter of a Swedish 

 mile south-east from Geffle, at Brynaefsgard, the temperature ul 

 which, on the 23d of August, was 41*9°. This we may consider, 

 "I"" 1 pretty gtod grounds, as the temperature of the earth at 

 G< ffte. 



