106 On the Heat of Springs, [Ave. 



well as the hazel bushes and the primula veris, to be seen at 

 IVaitjon, in Tuna. 



Aconitum lycoctonum, a plant not quite unknown in Helsinge- 

 land, now appears in abundance. On the other hand, alnus gluti- 

 nosa has entirely disappeared. The following- plants have their 

 northern limn at this place: — Galium verum, scabiosa arvensis, 

 lonicera xyiostevm, planiago media, geranium sangirineum, cam- 

 panula perficifolia, thymus serpyllum, festuca fiuilans. On the 

 north side of Sundswall apple-trees no longer hear fruit. 



The small mountain range called Skulskogen, in the middle of 

 Angermannland (lat. 63^-°), contains various southern plants which 

 are not to be found on the north side of it. Anemone hepatica, 

 rosa canina, orobus tuberosus, heraclium sphondilium, centaurea 

 jacea, dactylis glomerata, arena pratensis. 



I sought out the remarkable spring of Skarbergsk'dlla, lying on 

 the south side of Utansjogardskas, or Skuruberg. It rises at the 

 foot of the hill from under the rocks, which gave a name to the 

 hill, and is completely screened from the action of the air and the 

 sun. It springs out of the ground into a bason an ell deep, and 

 gave, on the 2Sth June, 37*04°; on the loth August, 38- 12°: a 

 temperature which, in all probability, is below the mean tempera- 

 ture of the earth in this place. 



Skulbergsk'dlla, north-east from Skulberg, *was, on the 14th 

 August, -10-46°. 



In Angermannland, on the north side of the wood, I found* only 

 one useful spring ; namely, the one at the farm-house called Onska. 

 The thermometer, being plunged into it, gave, on the 1st July, 

 38-66°; on the 12th August, 41-54°. 



The granite of which the Skulaberg is composed is not favourable 

 to the issuing out of the spring. The water does not sink deep into 

 the ground, and therefore cannot penetrate and collect in the 

 interior. 



• Vegetation shows that this place has a severer climate than the 

 province on the south side of the wood. The following plants reach 

 their northern limit in Sjalevand. ylnemone nemoros'a, hypericmn 

 perforatum, pteris aquelina. The want of these plants occasions 

 a much greater uniformity in the appearance of the woods and 

 meadow?. Salix arenarea becomes now quite common, and this 

 grey bush, seen on every side of the road, is no ornament to the 

 country. 



Veronica chnmcedrys and carex leporina appear for the last time 

 at Grundsuuda. Barley and rye still ripen at the usual time ; but 

 farther north rye ripens much later, though it lias been sown the 

 preceding year in the beginning of August. This circumstance 

 gives us no favourable idea of the fertility of the earth in these high 

 northern latitudes. 



Umeo ; lat. 64°. 



The borders of the fields arc still adorned with many beautiful 



