131 1 ] and on Vegetation. 107 



plants, which usually accompany agriculture; ns patentilla anse- 

 rina and argentea, dianthiis 'deltoides, pimpmella saxifraga, cen- 

 taurea cyanus, lycnpsii arveiisis. The meadows, on the otl ei hand, 

 have completely the aspect of Lapland, in consequence of 1 ho great 

 quantity of cornns suecica growing in them, and of the black 

 pldcini alpinum bristling up every where. In low moist places wc 

 see for the last time the salix fusca 5 and the myrica g i i very 

 rare tar her north, Of Lapland plants appear the \lix urbuscuta 

 and splacknum iuteum. I first found gcx springs at Taj'uels i, two 

 Swedish miles north-north-west from L >neu. 1 he land rises very 

 gcntlv, and may be here 100 feet above the level of the sea. 

 Woody hills of about '200 feet in height run along the sen shore. 

 At Juckswallsbach., or rather half a Swedish mile cast from it, a 

 great many springs rise out of the giound not far from the stable 

 belon i _ to tl>e house Below these is the Poltangskalla, a very 

 strong mineral spring, rising in a level spot. 1 found its tempera- 

 ture, on the 5th July, 37*22°; on the 8th August, 37'22°. 



Another spring, at Innerstrojningen, higher up, and beyond the 

 rivulet, was, on the 5th July, 36*32 ; on the 8th August, 37'58°. 



Lower down, but likewise on the north side of the rivulet, is the 

 spring of Sturkaho. It was, on the 5th July, 38*66° * on the Sth 

 August, 3!) 02°. 



The first of these springs appears to give us the mean tempera- 

 ture of the earth at this place. The medium of the temperatures 

 of the second spiing does not differ much, from its being 36*86°; 

 but this deviates far from the temperature of the air which, from 

 five years' observations of Mr. Naezen, at Umeo, is only 33*38°. 

 The same difference exists at I'leo ; for the mean temperature of 

 the air at this place, according to Julin's observations as corrected 

 by Von Bitch, is 33*21°; but the temperature of a spring at Uleo, 

 on the 2'Jth August, was 37'4 C . This is probably the consequence 

 of the longer and more severe winter in these northern places. 



As we retire from the shore of the gulf of Bothnia towards the 

 mountains of Umeo Lappmark the. temperature and vegetation 

 diminish rapidly, because the land rises suddenly. On that 

 account Tajwehjo constitutes the northern limit of many southern 

 plants. 1 saw myrica gale for the last time at Hissjon. Cal/a 

 palustris was seen only once at Degerfors. Veronica officinalis, 

 j'estuca elatior, carer xtellulata, disappear here. Ihibus arcticus. 

 hardly reaches any farther north. At Degerfors and Tegnaess t 

 chrysanthemum leucanthemum and Jragaria vesca were still to be 

 seen in small quantities ; but farther north they were not to be 

 found ; hut their loss was not much felt, tying replaced near the 

 bouses by abundance of malruuriu inadora. Here also /i/sinuu/im 

 vulgaris and Scutellaria galericulata disappeared. Phltrum alpinum 

 was become quite common. Lychnis alpina and salix myrtilloides 

 grew abundantly near Tegsnaess. 



Between DegetJ'ors and Tegsnaess, half a Swedish mile from the 

 latter, at a place called NorderStSngt //, a mineral spring rises, 



