110 On the Heat of Springs, [Aug. 



was, on the 19th July, of the temperature 36-68°. The southern 

 plants which have their northern limit at this place are trifolium 

 repens, plantago major, prunella vulgaris, chrysanthemum inodo- 

 rum. Pedicularis lapponica appears in the woods, viola bijlora in 

 the rivulets. 



Slora Vindeln ; lat. G7y"Jb°. 



This lake is probably situated as high above the level of the sea 

 as SacTQal Tr'dsk at Quickjock. At Risnaess near a pool I found a 

 spring the temperature of which was, on the 20th and 24th July, 

 35-34°. 



This, and other springs, according to the assertion of the 

 colonists, so cool the pond that it is not possible to remain in it for 

 any length of time; but, on the other hand, the bottom of it is 

 hardly ever frozen. There is likewise a creek behind the buildings 

 of the colonists which never freezes, probably because many strong 

 springs rise up in it. At the ei\ge of this spring grows the ranun- 

 culus lapponicns in full vigour. Jt is surprising that so low a tem- 

 perature should be advantageous to a plant. Deeper in the water 

 grows likewise tussilago J'rigida. Salix larmta appears for the first 

 time at Risnaess. The same observation applies to llial'utrnm al- 

 p'umm and angelica archangelica. Carex globularis disappears, and 

 rosa majalis is only found in one other place. Scotch firs still 

 continue abundant at Slora Vindeln ; but spruce firs are only to be 

 seen on particular declivities of the mountains. It is more difficult 

 to observe the order in which these trees disappear in the southern 

 parts of Lapland where the land rises rapidly than in the northern 

 parts, where after the disappearing of the spruce firs you pass over 

 a space of ten or twenty Swedish miles before you lose the Scotch 

 firs. On the other hand, the limit of the Scotch firs, when com- 

 pared with the birches, is so striking, that it has been distinguished 

 even by the Laplanders by a peculiar name, petsigerk, or the end 

 of the Scotch Jits. 



At Givortem-Fiall I found a small useful spring at the place of 

 the limit of the Scotch firs, but so elevated that the birches grew 

 onlv to the height of a man. It is not far from the parsonage of 

 Tama Capele, and is called by the Laplanders Giltingen-ajek. Its 

 temperature was, on the 22d July, 34'52°. 



From the temperature and vegetation, the climate here is similar 

 to that of Vddsoe, at Wardoehuus, in Norwegian Finmark. 



Givnrten-ji'dll is the first mountain range at which wc arrive in 

 Umeo Lappmark. It constitutes a long ridge between Jiukl-Tri.sk 

 and the river Findtl, above the lake Slora Vindel, Its height 

 scarcely reaches to half the distance between the line of birches and 

 the snow line. Flakes of snow lie nowhere upon these mountains, 

 except upon an insulated peak, which on that account is called by 

 the Laplanders Kjolbemene Nase, or cold nose. Even upon it only 

 verv small spots of snow are to be seen. Below this peak, and 

 higher than Giltingenkalla, there is a good spring, distinguished by 



