52 Synopsis of the Birds 



Young- male over one year, the same, with the throat black- 

 Orchard Oriole, Oriohis mutatus, Wils. Am. Orn. i. p. 64. 

 pi- 4. Jig. f. female, Jig. 2. male tivo ypars old, fig. 3. male 

 three years old. Jig. 4. adult male. Oriolus spurius, L. 

 Inhabits all parts of the union in summer : rather common 



SUBGENUS III XAHTHORNUS. 



Xanthomas, Cuv. Genus Agefaius, Vieill. 



Bill robust, straight ; sinus angle acute, not deep. 

 Female half the size of the male. 



Constantly gregarious: avoid woods, living chiefly in mea- 

 dows. Feed principally on insects and seeds. Build in 

 society ; nests not constructed with much art. 



51. Icterus phceniceus, Daud. Black; lesser wing-coverts red. 

 Young and autumnal male, feathers skirted with rufous. 

 Female and very young, blackish varied with whitish. 



Red-winged Starling, Sturnus proedatorius, Wils. Am. 

 Orn. iv.p. 30. pi. 30. Jig. i. male in svmmer dr< ss Jig. -z. female. 

 Inhabits the whole of North America in very numerous 

 liocks : departing from the northern states in winter. 



52. Icterus xanthocephalus, Nob. Black; head, neck and 

 breast yellow-orange ; a white spot on the wing. 



Female and young dark brown ; wings immaculate ; 

 throat whitish ; a rounded yellow patch on the breast. 



Yellow-headed Troopial, Icterus icterocephalus Nob. Am. 

 Orn. i.p.<26. pi. 4. Jig. 1. male. fig. 2. female. 



Inhabits the western territory of the United States, Mexico, 

 and South America : common. 



SUBGENUS IV. EMBERIZOIDES. 



Passerina, Vieill. Fringilla, Emberiza, Sturnus, Oriolus, 

 Tanagra, fyc. auct. 



Bill short, thick, conic, not much acuminated, straight ; 

 frontal sinus acute, not deep. 



Intimately allied to Fringilla ; though still more closely 

 related to the preceding subgenus. 



