114 Synopsis of the Birds 



Loxia ludoviciana,L.Gm.Lath. Fringilla punicea,Gm. Lath, 

 Inhabits the northern states, and occasionally in winter, 

 the middle : rare. 



190. Fringilla cjerulea, Nob. Blue ; lores, frontlet, wings 

 and tail, black; wings skirted with chesnut; bill bluish. 



Blue Grosbeak, Loxia cozrulea, fVils. Am. Orn. Hi. p. 78. 



pi. 24. Jig. 6. 



Inhabits America from Brazil to Virginia ; visits Pennsyl- 

 vania occasionally in summer: rare. 



191. Fringilla purpurea, Gm. Rosaceous; back streaked 

 with dusky ; belly white ; tail emarginate. 



Female and young, brown-olive, streaked with dusky ; 

 no rosaceous ; beneath whitish, streaked with olive-brown. 



Autumnal male, the same as the female, but the rump 

 strongly tinged with yellow. 



Purple Finch, Fringilla purpurea, Wils. Am. Orn. i. p. 

 119. pi. i-fig. 4. adult male in full plumage ; and v. p. 87. pi. 

 42. jig. 3. male, in winter plumage. 



Inhabits the United States, during winter ; breeds in the 

 North of America,whence they arrive in Pennsylvania in large 

 flocks, in the autumn, and return from the south in April : 

 rather rare. Hardly belonging to the present subgenus, but 

 rather to Fringilla ; placed here however on account of its 

 close affinity to the following species of Pyrrhula. 



35. PYRRHULA. 



Loxia, L. Gm. Lath. Fringilla, 111. Meyer (subg. Pyrrhula). 

 Pyrrhula, Briss. Temm. Ranz. Fringilla (subg. Pyrrhula), 

 Corythus, Cuv. Pyrrhula, Strobilophaga, Vieill. 



Bill very short, robust, conic-convex, turgid ; upper man- 

 dible rather rounded above, dilated each side so as to cover 



