of the United States. 115 



the margins of the lower, acute and much incurved at tip ; 

 palate smooth and scooped ; lower mandible shorter, straight, 

 rather obtuse : nostrils basal, lateral, small, rounded, en- 

 tirely or partially covered by the incumbent feathers of the 

 frontlet : tongue thick, somewhat fleshy, rather obtuse, 

 entire. Tarsus shorter than the middle toe, which . is 

 united at base to the outer ; lateral toes subequal ; inner 

 hardly longer than the hind one, which is strongest : hind 

 nail largest. Wings rather short, acute ; first primary equal 

 to the fifth ; second, third, and fourth longest. Tail hardly 

 emarginate. 



Female differs considerably from the male. Generally 

 moult twice a year. 



Live in forests. Feed on seeds, drupes, nuts, which they 

 break, as well as on buds and germs of trees. Build in trees,, 

 thickets : lay 4 — 5 eggs. 



Spread all over the globe. 



So closely allied to Fringilla by intermediate species, that 

 it ought perhaps only to be considered as a subgenus. 



193. PrRRHULA frontalis, Nob. Dusky-brownish ; head, neck, 

 breast and rump, vivid crimson ; belly whitish, streaked with 

 dusky ; tail nearly even. 



Female dusky-brown, feathers edged with whitish ; no 

 crimson ; beneath whitish, streaked with dusky. 



Crimson-necked Bull-finch, Pyrrhula frontalis, Nob. Am, 

 Orn. i. p. 49. pi. 6. fig. l- male, fig. 2. female. 



Fringilla frontalis, Say. nee Lath. 



Inhabits during summer near the Rocky Mountains. 

 Most closely allied to the preceding as a species, though 

 generically distinct. 



193. Pyrrhula enucleator, Temm. Wings bifasciate with 

 white, and with the tail, black, the feathers edged with 

 whitish. 



