116 Synopsis of the Birds 



Adult male, head, neck, and beneath, orange. 



Young male, the same parts and the rump, red. 



Female, top of the head and rump, brownish-orange : 

 beneath cinereous, slightly tinged with orange. 



Pine Grosbeak, Loxia enucleator, Wils. Am. Orn. i. p. 

 80. pi- 5. Jig. 2. young male about one. year old. 



Inhabits the cold regions of both continents, whence it 

 occasionally visits temperate climates in winter : very rare 

 in Pennsylvania. Forms the link between Pyrrhula and 

 Loxia, to the species of which it is closely allied by its habits, 

 and by its unusual change of plumage. 



36. LOXIA. 



Loxia, Briss. L. Gm. Lath. III. Cuv. Temm. Vieill. Ranz. 



Crucirosira, Daud. Meyer. Nilson. 



Curvirostra, Scopoli. Vumeril. Wilson. Brehm. 



Bill robust, convex, mandibles crossing each other and 

 compressed towards the tip : nostrils basal, small, rounded, 

 covered by the small, incumbent frontlet feathers : tongue 

 cartilaginous, short, entire, acute at tip. Tarsus subequal 

 to the middle toe ; toes divided ; lateral subequal, considerably 

 shorter than the middle one : hind nail largest, much incurv- 

 ed. Wings moderate, acute; first and second primaries 

 longest. Tail emarginate. 



Female and young differ considerably from the adult 

 male, and from each other ; the young also, according to 

 age, and the adult, to season; although they moult but 

 once a year. 



Habits similar to those of the Fringillae and Pyrrhula?. 

 Keep principally in pine forests. Feed on nuts, and seeds of 

 trees of the pine family, from the cones of which their singu- 

 lar bill is well formed for extracting them. According 

 to authors, build and reproduce during winter in our 



