of the United States. 301 



Inhabits throughout North America, breeding in the north, 

 wintering in the soutn : not uncommon during spring and 

 autumn in the middle states. Closely allied to F. leuco- 

 cephala, of the old continent, and apparently also to A. ja- 

 maicensis, Lath, with which it is perhaps identical.* 



SUBGEJVUS IV. FULIGULA. 



Les Millouins, Cuv. Fuligula, Leach. Steph. Nyroca, 

 Flem. Ay thy a, T 



Bill long, broad, flat, hardly gibbous at base, somewhat 

 dilated at the end. Nostrils basal, suboval. Tail short, of 

 fourteen feathers. 



Trachea dilating to the left into a partly membranous cap- 

 sule, sustained by an osseous frame, and osseous ramifications. 



337. Fuligula labradora Nob. Mirror broadly white ; bill 

 soft and membranous at tip, orange and cerelike at base. 



Male black ; head, neck, breast, scapulars, wing-coverts 

 and secondaries, white ; crown, and a collar round the neck, 

 black. 



Female ashy-gray. 



Pied Duck, Anas labradora, Wils. Am. Cm. viii. p. 91. 

 pi. G9.Jig. 6. male. 



Inhabits the north of America, where it breeds, not extend- 



* Fuligula leucocephala, Nob. No mirror ; bill gibbous and with two 

 ridges, with a channel between, at base ; nostrils large, subrounded, pro- 

 jecting ; tail-feathers canaliculated throughout. 



Male reddish-brown; top of the head and neck above, black; front, nape, 

 cheeks and thrGat, white. 



Female finely mixed with blackish, whitish, and rusty ; crown wholly 

 blackish ; sides of the head and throat white. 



White-headed Duck, Lath. Analra dHnverno, St. degli Ucc. v. pi. 557. 

 male. Anas mersa et leucocephala, Gm. 



Inhabits northern Asia and eastern Europe : an accidental winter visi- 

 tant in Italy, and even the northern coasts of Africa. 



